Zoulai Geldan Dih
Mr. Khai Minthang
Florence, Kentucky
(Tami article pen April 21, 2004 a kagel ahia, Florence, Kentucky ka umlai ahi hi)Ham khat phot in agindan (tone), alawdan (syllable), lomkawmdan (grouping) leh aginlawmdan (harmony) anei chiet hi. Leitung pumpia kithei pen leh a minthang pen English in zong tone, syllable, grouping leh harmony anei hi. Tualeh, vocabulary thu ah zong English in thumal kibang tampi anei a, azahna leh ahina tawh a kigeldan a thei mai dîng pawl zong aum hi. English vocabulary ah “Box” kichi pen Noun ah “Singkuong” ahia, verb ah “Tum/Shuthop” china ahi hi. Tuamabang in, eite’n zong thumal khat in agen tampi nei aum hi chi thei lei ahoi dîng hi. A thumal geldan isiem leh theithei pai zong aum a, a thumal a ki-theiloute khu a thuguol tawh I et a thei thei dîng pawl zong aum hi. Tuazieh-in, thumal kang tahlat zousie a ki-tuohpi (Corresponding) English thumal khat tawh hilchien dîng hîng kithawi kahisih a, a tone leh thumal lomkhawmdan ah themkhat ka ngaidan hing kum vang chia hing kithawi kahizaw hi.
Zou ham pen iham chieng un a kichien vagua a, igel thaw chieng un khatvei teng abuoi thei valuoi hi. I gel chieng a I buoina pen “Vowel” sung maimai ahi hi. Vowel kichi pen koipou buoina ahimai dîng in gingta ing. English ah Vowel chite pen “a,e,i,o,u” tamteng ahia, Nam dang leh gamdang te’n a kihawmthaw hi. Zou tate a dîng in Vowel “a, aw, e, i, o, u” chite ahi hi. Tammi Vowel a laimal zousie hoitah a Zouham tawh kituoh a iginsah thei chieng un Zou ham geldan ang nuomta dîng a, sim zong ang simnop ma mata dîng hi.
Ding = Stand
Dîng = For/Will be
Tang = Seed/Get
Tâng = Behalf
Tang = Straight
Taang = Mountain
Nei = Possess
Nuoi = Under/Beneath
Chîm = Bore
Chim = Ruin
Chiim = Clear
Sieng = Clean
Thang = Famous
Thâng = Trap
Thaang = Scattered
Tualeh, laimal tom a igel chiengin ’ tami sign zang lei ahoi de aw kachi hi. Etsahna dîng in:
Dîng in : Di’n
Kei in : Ke’n
Keima in : Keima’n
Laimal ‘n’ a tawpte zaw chie’ng tam ’ pen zahlou hileh ahoi dîng hi. Etsahna di’n: Pasian in chi pen Pasian’n chimai thei lou ahi hi. Tualeh, noun nua a ‘in’ chi ang um leh a noun tawh kimat in kigiel sih leh ahoi dîng hi. Amabou atom lam a gelthei leh a syllable tawh etkawm in atom a gelthei sil leh kilawm ahileh giel va ui. Etsahna’n: Pasianin chi sa’ng “Pasian in” chi zawlei a chieng zaw dîng abang hi. Khai Minthangin chilei a syllable tawh kituoh in lou dîng chilei Khai Min Tha Ngin or Khai Min Than Gin chi a zong hîng ging thei ahijiehin adih sih hi. Exceptional case vang a umthei dîng: Lalpu in chi sangin “Lalpu’n” chi lei ahoi kia leuleu dîng hi. Hilezong “Maman’n” chi sangin “Maman in” chilei a chieng pai hi.
Z leh J thu ah buoina umsih hen ichi leh Z maimai kizang leh ahoi mai di'n ngaituo ing. Aziehpen, “O” leh “AW” hard leh soft breathing nei ihi chieng in. “J” zahna dîng I ngaituo nate ah “Z+aw (Soft breathing)” pen kizang leh a kichieng mai dîng hi. Tam aney a etsahnate en vai:
Zol : Smooth/Greasy
Zawl : Appease/Console
Zâwl : Oval
Tualeh, full sentence zahdan leh phrase zahdan zong siem vai. Simple Sentence igel chieng in igel dih chiet ua, hilezong Compound or Complex sentences igel chieng un I gam mng paipai ua, atawpna tung nailou in “Full Stop” pou izang mun mama uhi. Zou lai igel chieng un “a” “ua” “ahia” chia thuguol (Sentence) tawp umlou ahi. Tambangte ing tun chieng un Compound or Complex sentences giel ihi chi ithei dîng uh ahia, Comma (,) ahiei Semi-colon (;) azahdan isiem uh angai hi. English a Consonants zang ihita ua, pilvan ngai ahi hi. “leh” “hilezong” chite zahsiem angai hi.
Hinanlezong/Hilezong chite a Paragraph tha ing pat chieng un I thugel mumal umlou ahita hi. Hilezong chipen “But” “Whereas” chite tawh kibang ahiziehin a masang a thugui pen tawh ang peikhawm tei tei dîng ahi. The present sectence versus the proceeding sentence china ahi hi. I tugel masah pen leh tua igel pen tekaah ihia, paragraph a pat him him lou dîng ahi.
Paragraph patna dîngin “Tualeh” = Besides, Therefore, Moreover, Furthermore, etc. chite a ki-zang hi.
Tambang in zang thei chiet lei I laigeldan ang kituoh thei diei mah china leh Zou Lai (Zou Literature) khantouna’ng a ka ngaituona hing sûng kahi hi.
Dear U Thang,
ReplyDeleteZouham gel d dannna gel ka na simsuah a kipah huai ka sa hi. Laigel ngaisang pi mama khat kahi man in tambang te ka mu khah chiangin ka haasuo ngai vawt sih hi. Ka na pring out mai hi(khawh sih maw???) U Mangkaang a pen baqng chi na sa ei???
na nau
shangsamte delhi
e-mail:shangsamte@yahoo.co.in
www.zaelleivangkhua.blogspot.com
Dear Shang,
ReplyDeleteKa blogspot ka et chiengin article zousie ka ban et man sih a, tunia themkhat customize ka bawl kawma ka et leh na comment kamu kha hi. Tutan kang reply nailou kisuonlahuoi kasa hi. Bangteng hileh tunia na thugel muthei diinga hing pui HAGAU tungah lungdam veve ing.
Ka laigel pen April 21, 2004 a kigiel ahita a, tu'n kum li bang achingta hi. Tua hunlaia ka ngaidan leh tua ka ngaidan a kibang nalai hi. Kei ngaidan in i Zouham igel chiengin symbols leh punctuational markings kihazah da leh ahoi pen diingin ka gingta hi. Tualeh, word khat in meaning khat chiet anei teitei diing ahi tuonsih hi. U Maangkaang in hoibawl kisa sengin word khat phot in meaning khat chiet anei diingua ang bawl chiengin spelling leh vocubulary tampi ineibe ua, Zou vontawi tampi'n ama vocubulary zah teng ithei kim in izang kim khol sih diing uhi.
Tuasanga functional Zokam Grammar a hing umthei diing a deihuoi zaw a, "a b c....z" tan bangma hal sese lou (marung marang hal sese lou) a kichientah a igelthei diing hoizaw kasa hi. Eima laimal nei nailou ihi banah Roman laimal zangte ihi ua, English a "a b c ...z" chidan a agin sangin eima Zoulai "a aw b ch d e f....z" chidan in gingleh ahoipen diing a, theibai ahipen diing hi.
U Maangkaang nasep thupi kasa mama a, kichien zong kasa mama mai hi. Adal adal, a gui agui in kim sipsep in asuidoh a, thupi kasa mama hi. Ama suina banah ka ngaidan themkhat vang ka kum nuom hi. Ama'n English leh Roman kammalte a gawmkhawm zengzung ziehin a thei hamsa a, Roman laimalte tungah circumflex akoi gige a, tuapen in a hamsasah zaw hi. Englsih ah vowelte - {a e i o u} khu Roman leh Zoukam in transliterate diing hitalei {e i ai o iu} chi ahia, vowel dang khat English a "a" pen Zoukam in "e" chilou in Zou kammal a "a aw b ch d ....z" isim chienga apatna "a" ichidan in pei leh bangma buoina um sih diing hi. Zoukam a vowel-te khu {a aw e i o u} ahi hi. Kei mudan in circumflex khat maimai vowel tungah ikoi in i Zoukam a suohtasah mai diingin ka gingta hi. Circumflex khu vowel tung tenga bankoi sangin a tawpna awkai asan chiengin a vowel tengah koi lei i buoina zousie a bei mai diingin ka gingta hi. Asau ginte ah vowel ni koikhawm in, atom ginte ah vowel khat koi in, asang ginte ah circumflex koi in, a-ngiem ginte khu vowel khat tawh ikoi atom ginte tawh a kibang in kakoi hi. Etsahna diingin Thang = Famous, Tha`ng = Trap leh Thaang = Scattered chidan in Thang pen a tomgin leh a ngiem gin ahia, Tha`ng pen asanggin ahia, Thaang pen asaugin ahi hi. ("Tha`ng" chia kagel pen circumflex kakoi theilou zieh a ka'ng tuachi gel ahi).
Tualeh, tulai a English kammalte i deituom teng i transliterate ua, laisimte a diingin lungbuoina diing honpikhat a kibelap asuoh hi. English kammal heng lou a izahte uh i deituom teng i transliterate ua, adang honkhat i transiterate tuom sih uhi. English kammal i transliterate te uh enlai:
School = Skul
Christian = Kristian/Khristian
Office = ofis
Collection = Kolexon
Corruption = Korupson
Bible = Baibul
Black board = Belekbot
I transliterate lou uh zong honpikhat aum veve hi.
Table = Table
Chair = Chair
Pen = Pen
Apple = Apple
Kei ngaidan in vang English a kammalte (words) agel bangbang un gelpieh in simpieh lei ahoizaw diinga, asim nopzaw diing hi.
Khai Minthang