You Decide 2008
American Election Apat a Eite Zilthei Di`ng
American Election Apat a Eite Zilthei Di`ng
Mr. Khai Minthang
Oxford, Mississippi
Introduction: America te’n kum li danin General Election anei zel ua, tutung a anei di`ng pen uh 2008 a kinei diing leh 2009 chienga diinga a Commander-in-Chief teel di`ng ahita uhi. April 30, 1789 in George Washington in American President masapen hina ana la a, America te khangthu ah George Washington khu America mukhetu (Founder of America) achi ua, a President 16 na uh Abraham Lincoln khu America Hundamtu (Savior of America) achi uhi. President dang dangte'n thupina leh vangletna tuom chiet nei nan uleh tam tegel banga thupi leh vanglien di`ng koimata ana um naisih hi. Tutung President a hing kiteel penpen a 44 na di`ng ahita hi. Aleh, bangzieh mawng mawng a American president kituna tambanga ki thupi ngaituo leh leitung pumpi'n a theiphah ahiei chite i en di`ng ua, American politics leh Zogam politics i etkaah di`ng uhi.
Bi-Party System: America ah political party pen bi-party chi'n dan umsih lezong party lien ni in a kikhen ua, tuate khu Democratic leh Republican party ahi uhi. Independent party zong a umthou a, hilezong a thahat ngai sih hi. Democratic te khu Blue Party zong a kichi ua, Republican te khu Red Party zong a kichi ua, Grand Old Party (GOP) zong a kichi uhi. Democratic Party symbol khu Sabiltung ahia, Republican Party te symbol khu Saipi ahi hi. Bi-Party system ahi ziehin a party tuohtuoh uapat in presidential nominee di`ng nomination paper ang file ua, ama uh party sung tuoh uah ang ki seepchi`l ua, debate, interview, fund raise leh adang dangte ang bawl ua, Presidential election term kum ang hi chiengin amau lang tuoh in Primary election ang nei uhi. Tuanah a party tuoh uah mitallang mi bangzat ahiei khat te'n nomination paper ang pie ua, tuana patin Primary ang panta uhi. Debate, interview, speeches, fund raise, etc. chite ang panpai zung zung ua, a state a state ah amau party nominee di`nga kitute teelna anei uhi. Tam huna popular vote khete pen Democratic or Republican (GOP) Primary caucuses achi uhi. Primary ang nei toutou utawh kizui in a hatlou deute ang ki zutkia zelzel in a a hat te'n ma ang sawntou zel ua, a benchmark a tun masangun state tuomtuom ah campaign bawl kawikawi in gamsah, gamhang, gamdung gamvai satna'n a kinei hehu mai uhi.
Tulaitah in Democratic nominee ngana di`ngin 2,025 deligates neizou angai a, Republican nominee ngana di`ngin 1,191 deligates angai hi. Tam pen a state tawh kituoh a Party te'n deligate a piehza uh ahi hi. Tami lai kagel tanin Republican te langah Senator John McCain in deligate 1,191 poimaw lah ah 1,334 a neita a, Republican National Convention nei naisih ulezong Republican nominee chingsa chithei ahita hi. Republic National Convention pen September 01 - 04, 2008 chiengin St. Paul, Menissota ah anei di`ng ua, tuanah popular vote a ching leh deligate neitampen a namdet di`ngua, tuana patin Republican party nominee ang hita di`ng hi. Tuama bangin Democratic Party te'n zong The 2008 Democratic National Convention kichi August 25 - 28, 2008 sung Denver, Colorado ah ang nei di`ng ua, tuanah a party nominee di`ng uh namdetna ang neita di`n uhi. Democratic Party nominee ngana di`nga 2,025 kisam lah ah tulaitah in Senator Barack Obama in deligate 1617 nei in, Senator Hillary Clinton in deligate 1498 anei a, a kidinte mama uhi.(1) Tuachiin, a National Convention zou zou chiengun a party nominee tegel un straight fight ang panta ua, debate mun tuomtuom ah ang nei di`ng ua, fund raise ang bawl zom zel di`ng ua, a propoganda tuomtuomte uleh a plan tuomtuomte uh America gamsung pumpi ah ang zuakhie uhi. Tu kum in November 04, 2008 chiengin Presidential election ang neita di`ng uhi.
Bang Di`nga American President Kiteelna Hichi Thupi Ahiei?: Leitung pumpi'a thuneipen American President pa a kichi hi. Laisim tampite'n zong a thupidan athei ua, hilezong bang tenga thupi leh thunei ahiei chi vang hilchien di`ng hilei ithei zou tuon tahtah sih hi. Nidanglai a Greek te lallai, Roman te lallai chidan aum bangin tulaitah in United States of America pen leitung pumpia thupipen leh gam hausapen ahi hi. American President pa khu "America Lengpa" chia minvaw hisih lezong nidanglai Lengte ma bang phielin thuneina leh vangletna anei hi. Kumpi vaihawmna khat poupou President pa tawnlou in bangma a peisih hi.
Mipi vaihawmna peidan (Democratic system) ah zong ah 'Presidential government' leh 'Parliamentary government' aum zing hi.(2) India khu Parliamentary ahia, United States khu Presidential ahi hi. Perliamentary system peidan a Union minister/Cabinet minister di`ngte khu MLA/MP a kiteel chingte hi sese di`ng chidan aum sih a, President pa/nu'n adei dandan a ateel ahia, Senate te'n aphasahpi zel uh ahi hi. President pa cabinet te mawpuohna thupipen te lah a khat ahileh a mawpuohna uleh a nasep uh tawh kisai chiet a President pan thu theinuom anei chienga President pa thuhil di`ng ahi hi.
Mipi vaihawmna peidan (Democratic system) ah zong ah 'Presidential government' leh 'Parliamentary government' aum zing hi.(2) India khu Parliamentary ahia, United States khu Presidential ahi hi. Perliamentary system peidan a Union minister/Cabinet minister di`ngte khu MLA/MP a kiteel chingte hi sese di`ng chidan aum sih a, President pa/nu'n adei dandan a ateel ahia, Senate te'n aphasahpi zel uh ahi hi. President pa cabinet te mawpuohna thupipen te lah a khat ahileh a mawpuohna uleh a nasep uh tawh kisai chiet a President pan thu theinuom anei chienga President pa thuhil di`ng ahi hi.
Cabinet te khu Vice President pa leh executive department 15 a lutangte - the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, and the Attorney General ahi uhi. President Bush nuoi ah the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency; Director, Office of Management and Budget; the Director, National Drug Control Policy; and the U.S. Trade Representative leh White House Chief of Staff te Cabinet-level rank pieh ahi uhi.(3)
President pa thuneina themkhat envai ele:
1. Executive Power: President pa khu United States executive branch a di`ngin Chief executive ahia, dante ginumtah a zui ahina di`ng khu ama mawpuohna ahi hi. Tuana di`ngin galkap active duty mihing million khat simtha in executive branch a nasem mi million li te tunga thuneina pieh ahi hi. Tambanga mawpuohna aneite asep dan Legislative branch leh Judicial branch te'n a enkol ua, tuama bangin ama'n zong Legislative leh Judicial branch te mawpuohna leh nasepte zong a enkol hi. President pa'n office alut masangin nasepna mi 6,000 aguon thei a, office alut zou chiengin mi 8,000 aguon thei hi. Ambassadors, judges of the federal court system, members of the Cabinet, and federal officer dangdangte khu Senate te panpina leh theipina tawh simple majority in aguong zel hi. President pa'n ama Cabinet member di`ngte ama deibang bangin a guong zel a, tuate pen Senate te'n simple majority tawh a phasahpi zel uhi. Cabinet member ahiei, executive member hina di`ngin mipi vote a telching angai sese sih hi. A vaihawmna uh a kisuuhlou chiengun President pa'n a khawlsah thei hi.(4) President pa thuneina poimaw pente lah a khat ahileh galkap zousie (Air, Land and Water) a di`ngin President pa khu Commander-in-Chief ahi hi. Prize Cases, 67 U.S. at 635 in, "If a war be made by invasion of a foreign nation, the President is not only authorized but bound to resist force by force . . . without waiting for any special legislative authority" achi hi.(5) Tuachiin, President pa'n United States humbitna di`ngin galkap te kikoina leh galsatdan zousie ah mawpuohna anei hi. Gal hun ahiei nampi buoina hun chiengin Congress in President pa khut ah United States humbitna di`ingin national economy ama deidan a peipi theina tha apie hi. President pa'n United States sum zahdan di`ng (budget) a bawl a, Congress in a phasahpi zel hi.(6)
2. Legislative Power: President pa khu public policy ngaituo tu sangpen ahiziehin danbawlna tawh kisai in mawpuohna thupitah anei hi. Congress in a buoipi dante uh atamzaw executive branch te gelkhiet leh patkhiet ahi hi. President pa'n special messages leh kumtawp chiengin President pa'n poimaw di`nga a ngaisut dante khu Congress ah tahlang zel hi. Tamte lah a thupipen khu kumtawp chienga State of the Union Address ahi hi. Tuana Congress te join session masangah President pa'n a gam dinmun tahlang in, kum hing tung di`nga dan bawl leh ngaisut di`nga hoi asahte a tahlang zel hi. Tuabanga a tahlangte Congress in a ngaisah sih leh President pa'n special session hat theina di`ng thuneina anei hi. Tambang a Legislative power aneite banah President khu political part lutang ahibana United States a executive oficer lienpen ahiziehin mipite lungkimsah dan leh mipite tungtawn a Congress te thu ngaisutte a hatsah tuom thei mama hi. Tu hun chiengin Congress tawh na asepkhawm hoi theina di`ng gelna in President te'n Congressional Liaison Office khat White House ah aneita uhi. Tua muna sem President pa panpite'n dan kibawl di`ng poimawte zousie a entup ua, Political party ni tegel a Senator leh Representative te'n vaihawmna policy te a panpi theina di`nguh khu amau mawpuohna ahi hi.
US Congress in dan abawltha ahiei ahen lamdang chiengun a bill pen President pa khut ah atunga, President pa'n adei sihleh a niel (veto) thei a, a bill ashi zel hi. Tambanga President pa'n bill a veto sa pen sethum suo se ni in a buohkhum (over-ride) thei a, tambang a over-ride atam sih hi. President pa'n a veto leh a bill pen legislator te khut atung kia a, a over-ride zou sih uleh a bill a President pa deisan a suh dih di`ngte suhdih zou chiengun President pa'n a sign a law ang suoh hi. A suhdih ngap nawnsih uleh a bill pen ashi ahimai hi.(7)
1. Executive Power: President pa khu United States executive branch a di`ngin Chief executive ahia, dante ginumtah a zui ahina di`ng khu ama mawpuohna ahi hi. Tuana di`ngin galkap active duty mihing million khat simtha in executive branch a nasem mi million li te tunga thuneina pieh ahi hi. Tambanga mawpuohna aneite asep dan Legislative branch leh Judicial branch te'n a enkol ua, tuama bangin ama'n zong Legislative leh Judicial branch te mawpuohna leh nasepte zong a enkol hi. President pa'n office alut masangin nasepna mi 6,000 aguon thei a, office alut zou chiengin mi 8,000 aguon thei hi. Ambassadors, judges of the federal court system, members of the Cabinet, and federal officer dangdangte khu Senate te panpina leh theipina tawh simple majority in aguong zel hi. President pa'n ama Cabinet member di`ngte ama deibang bangin a guong zel a, tuate pen Senate te'n simple majority tawh a phasahpi zel uhi. Cabinet member ahiei, executive member hina di`ngin mipi vote a telching angai sese sih hi. A vaihawmna uh a kisuuhlou chiengun President pa'n a khawlsah thei hi.(4) President pa thuneina poimaw pente lah a khat ahileh galkap zousie (Air, Land and Water) a di`ngin President pa khu Commander-in-Chief ahi hi. Prize Cases, 67 U.S. at 635 in, "If a war be made by invasion of a foreign nation, the President is not only authorized but bound to resist force by force . . . without waiting for any special legislative authority" achi hi.(5) Tuachiin, President pa'n United States humbitna di`ngin galkap te kikoina leh galsatdan zousie ah mawpuohna anei hi. Gal hun ahiei nampi buoina hun chiengin Congress in President pa khut ah United States humbitna di`ingin national economy ama deidan a peipi theina tha apie hi. President pa'n United States sum zahdan di`ng (budget) a bawl a, Congress in a phasahpi zel hi.(6)
2. Legislative Power: President pa khu public policy ngaituo tu sangpen ahiziehin danbawlna tawh kisai in mawpuohna thupitah anei hi. Congress in a buoipi dante uh atamzaw executive branch te gelkhiet leh patkhiet ahi hi. President pa'n special messages leh kumtawp chiengin President pa'n poimaw di`nga a ngaisut dante khu Congress ah tahlang zel hi. Tamte lah a thupipen khu kumtawp chienga State of the Union Address ahi hi. Tuana Congress te join session masangah President pa'n a gam dinmun tahlang in, kum hing tung di`nga dan bawl leh ngaisut di`nga hoi asahte a tahlang zel hi. Tuabanga a tahlangte Congress in a ngaisah sih leh President pa'n special session hat theina di`ng thuneina anei hi. Tambang a Legislative power aneite banah President khu political part lutang ahibana United States a executive oficer lienpen ahiziehin mipite lungkimsah dan leh mipite tungtawn a Congress te thu ngaisutte a hatsah tuom thei mama hi. Tu hun chiengin Congress tawh na asepkhawm hoi theina di`ng gelna in President te'n Congressional Liaison Office khat White House ah aneita uhi. Tua muna sem President pa panpite'n dan kibawl di`ng poimawte zousie a entup ua, Political party ni tegel a Senator leh Representative te'n vaihawmna policy te a panpi theina di`nguh khu amau mawpuohna ahi hi.
US Congress in dan abawltha ahiei ahen lamdang chiengun a bill pen President pa khut ah atunga, President pa'n adei sihleh a niel (veto) thei a, a bill ashi zel hi. Tambanga President pa'n bill a veto sa pen sethum suo se ni in a buohkhum (over-ride) thei a, tambang a over-ride atam sih hi. President pa'n a veto leh a bill pen legislator te khut atung kia a, a over-ride zou sih uleh a bill a President pa deisan a suh dih di`ngte suhdih zou chiengun President pa'n a sign a law ang suoh hi. A suhdih ngap nawnsih uleh a bill pen ashi ahimai hi.(7)
3. Judicial Power: President pa'n federal judge te nominate theina di`ng thuneina anei hi. Hilezong, a nominate te khu Senate in a phasahpi di`nguh ahi ziehin khatvei tengin President pa'n ama ngaidan tawh kituoh a supreme court ang bawl sawm chiengin buoina lienpi atut thei zel hi. Impeachment case chilou in President pa'n federal dan kal a mawna bawl mikhat phot ngaidam sieng ahiei athu zila ngaidam theina anei a, suongkul tangte hun suhtomsah leh gawtna piehdan a neemsah theina thuneina anei hi.
4. Foreign affairs: Danbupi nuoi ah, President pa khu gamdang te tawh kitanauna bawl di`nga
United States thata`nga guot ahi hi. President pa'n ambassador te, minister te leh consulate te Senate te phasahpi na tawh aguong hi. Tuama bangin gamdang palaite zong ama'n ana vaidawn hi. Secretary of States tawh kithuo in President pa'n gamdang kumpite tawh kithuzahtuona anei a, gamdang phahna leh vena zong anei zel hi.
Secretary of State leh Department of Defence te tawh kithuo in President pa'n America gamsung a gamdangmi umte leh gamdanga America mi umte humbitna di`ngin mawpuohna anei hi. Gam dangte zalenna, kumpi dan theipina leh gamdangte tawh lemna suoi kaina di`ngin President pa'n khensatna anei a, Senate te sethum suo se ni in phalsahna anei zou chiengun bawllou theilou ang suoh zel hi.
Abangteng hileh, tutung election tawh kisai in ……… Aban sutzom di`ng…
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Abang teng hileh tutung American Presidential election tawh kisai in eite'n i phattuompi di`ng uh bangchi bang aum ei chi envai:
Abangteng hileh, tutung election tawh kisai in ……… Aban sutzom di`ng…
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Abang teng hileh tutung American Presidential election tawh kisai in eite'n i phattuompi di`ng uh bangchi bang aum ei chi envai:
1. Advertisement:
2. Fund Raise:
3. Debate:
4. Speeches:
5. Interview:
6. Endorsement:
6. Endorsement:
7. Election:
8. Presidential Inauguration:
9. First 100 Days in the White House
10. Agent of Change
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References:
1. http://elections.foxnews.com/
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers
3. http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/cabinet.html
4. http://library.thinkquest.org/J0110221/USGovernment.html
5. http://www.usdoj.gov/olc/warpowers925.htm
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powers_of_the_President_of_the_United_States
7. http://skyways.lib.ks.us/ksleg/KLRD/about/how_bill_law.pdf
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References:
1. http://elections.foxnews.com/
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers
3. http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/cabinet.html
4. http://library.thinkquest.org/J0110221/USGovernment.html
5. http://www.usdoj.gov/olc/warpowers925.htm
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powers_of_the_President_of_the_United_States
7. http://skyways.lib.ks.us/ksleg/KLRD/about/how_bill_law.pdf
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