COVID-19 LEH SOCIAL DISTANCING: TULAI BUOINA ANTI-CHRIST AHIEI ANTI-COVID-19?

COVID-19 LEH SOCIAL DISTANCING:

TULAI BUOINA ANTI-CHRIST AHIEI ANTI-COVID-19?

Khai Minthang Samte

THUPATNA

Leitung mihingte kipilsahna leh kibawlthei sahnate Pasian masang ah bangma ahilou dan tami COVID-19 in tahlang isa uhi. “Gamte, silbawl theinate leh thupinate kumtawn in nang a ahizieh in, Amen” (For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen) chi khu kigenkhiel hetlou hi. Natsie leh puul natna chite ideipen hisih lezong ahun-hun in ang tung veve hi. Tambang natsie/puul natna pen Lai Siengthou sung ah zong kimu a, leitung tangthu ah zong kimu hi. Ipu-ipate ngaina apat i-et chieng un eite lah ah zong ana um tham chi pen haiguollou ahi hi. Tambang natna tu-le-tu a ibuoipi uh ahizieh in Lai Siengthou leh Zo ngaina tawh themkhat kikum vai in, kikepdan tu a i kikep sawmdan tawh a kituohnai chi sui va ui.

CORONOVIRUS TANGTHU TOMKIM

Coronavirus natna neite in khosih, khu leh nahhu tom (fever, cough and shortness of breath) nei ua, ahamsa diehte nah theilou, awmna saden, lung-am leh nephu leh maitang dup chite ahi hi [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020]. Tambang natna kipatna Guangdong, China ah 2003 in ana kipanta hi. Tuami natna khu severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) na kichi in, leitung gam 29 ah na kizel in, mihing 8,422 in natna navei in, mihing 916 na shilaw uhi. Tuajou in 2009 in pH1N1 influenza kichi Mexico apat kipan in leitung gam 214 ah na kizel in, mihing 500,000 taang in na shilaw uhi. 2012 kum in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) kichi khat Saudi Arabia apat in ana kipankia a, leitung gam 27 ah kizel in mihing 2,494 in natna navei in, mihing 858 na shilaw kia hi (Park, Thwaites, & Openshaw, 2020). Tutung a natna pen COVID-19 kichi a, tuni March 21, 2020 tan in leitung gam 185 a kizel in, mihing 267,013 in natna vei in, mihing 11,201 shilawta hi (World Health Organization: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic, 2020).

LAI SIENGTHOU LEH SOCIAL DISTENCING

Lai Siengthou i-et chieng un natna kilawsawn thei leh social distancing ana bawl zing uh khu phah-natna (Leprosy) ahi hi.  Pasian in Moses kung ah tambang natna bangchi kep diing chi hoitah in ana gen hi. Leviticus 13na isim chieng in tambang natna umzie leh kep diingdan kichientah in ana gen hi. A natna neite mitawh a kilawsawn louna diing in atuom a a um diing (Self-quarantine/isolation) leh mipite umna camp ahiei khopi pulang a koi diing (social distancing) chi ana genkha hi (Stangl, Earnshaw, Logie, et al., 2019). Tuabang natna neite akep-akhoi didan hoitah in kigiel dimdem hi. Siempudan 13:46 sung ah, “Khum natna (phah natna) anei sung teng in ama khu sienglou ahia, tuachi in midante lah apat kikhiinmang in pembuh pulam a ateng diing hi” chi hi. Tuama bang in abawl tahpi uhi chi Leengte Nina 7:3-20 i-et chieng in kimuthei hi.

ZO TAWNDAN LEH SOCIAL DISTANCING

Zo tawndan (ngaina) mama ah zong puul natna ahiei natna hiipi gilou a um chieng in Siemputen tuitaw-tuilu ahiei gam nathoi in, tuami natna neite innsung ah kulkhum in a innmai uah sawlbawh khai in, “zie-tang" uhi. Tami sawlbawh innmai a kikhai in innsung ah mite natna hoilou nei ahi ua a ensah a, sungtum-pusuoh kikham hi. Tam pen natna hii apat kilawsawn venna diing a kituomkoi leh zapi tawh kisukha lou diing a bawlna ahi hi (isolation and social distancing). Tuami natna nei nu/pa/innkuonte Siempupa in enkai in, adamsieng masangteng uh pusuoh sahlou uhi. Tuathamlou in, natna zauhuoi hiileng a um chieng in khomuol ah sawl kikhai in zin-le-leeng koima pusuoh-sungtum omlou hi. Tam pen tulaitah a self-quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing ichite ahi hi. Siempute in khohun leh natna omdan en in, natna a zauhuoi nawnlou chieng in siensuo in khopite leh khovengte tawh kikawmtuona umthei kia pan hi. Tuabang a ana bawl zieh un puul natna zieh in na shigam samlou uhi.

HOULIMNA

Lai Siengthou sung ah puul natna ahiei phah natna pen Israel-te Pasian masang a atawnkhiel chieng ua Pasian gawtna (sapsietna) in ngaisut ua, Pasian masang a kisiakia a Ama maipha suikia diing a hatna (wake up call) in ngaisut uhi. Tami pen Hagau lam ah koi talei, tahsa natna ahizieh in bangchi kiven diing chi pen ngaisutlou phamaw hi. Phah natna bang a mitmu thei diing a kilang lou ahizieh in koiteng in COVID-19 natna paai chi pen kigen theilou hi. A natna kilahna khu ni 14 sang a tamzaw zong hithei nalai ahizieh in koiteng tuami natna paai a zapi lah a um chi kitheilou ahizieh in eima ihiei, igei a um nu/pa/te zong hithei gige china himawh hi.

Anatna khu anatna vei mite apat a kilawsawn (communicable or contagious) ahizeih in a kilawsawnna tawpsah theidan um leh chi in kumpi vaihawmte leh chidamna lam a semten gen uhi. A kilawsawn hatdan khu patauhuoi mama hi. Etsahna diing in, Georgia state, USA ah official tah in March 2, 2020 COVID-19 natna nei mihing 2 um a, ni sawm (10 days) jou in COVID-19 natna nei mihing 33 um a, ni 19 jou (March 21, 2020 – tami lai ka gel tan) in COVID-19 natna nei mihing 555 umta hi (Smith, Yourish, Almukhtar, Collins, Harmon, McCann, & Wu, 2020, March 21). Akhan hatdan i-et chieng in patauhuoi mama hi.

1.      KUMPITE THU MANG DIING: Kumpiten mipi kikhopna bawllou tadi phot diing in thuphuon bawl uhi. Kumpi ichi chieng in eima Hattuom a member-te zong china hithei hi. Tampen koima biehna khahsahna hilou in mipi kikhopna apat in tami natna khanghat mama chi mukhiet ahizieh a, tami natna kiem theina diing in panlah ahi hi. Tami in Hattuomte maimai tuomkawhna a kibawl hilou a, mizapi kikhopna khat phot ahuom ahi hi. Tami article gel ahitan in mi 10 sang a tamzaw umkhawm theilou diing chi kumpiten thuphuon bawlta ua, bawllou diing honkhat zong kigenta hi (Lemire & Colvin, 2020). Tambang hun chieng a Christian-te a diing a ibawl theipen uh kumpite chidan zuilou a mizapi kikhopna a pei teitei a COVID-19 natna khangsahtu leh kumpi neisah tawpsah hilou zaw a kumpite beidotna panpitu hi diing kisamzaw hi. Lai Siengthou in kumpi vaihawmte thumang diing in ang hilzaw hi (1 Peter 2:11-17).

2.      SOCIAL DISTANCING LEH LAI SIENGTHOU: Lai Siengthou sung i-et chieng in Social distancing kichi pen puul natna neite tung ah na kibawl a, ih Zo ngaina ah zong na kibawl hi. Thutha hi hetlou in, ibawl khah ngai nawnlou ahizieh a thutha bang ahi hi. Pasian in zong Moses tungtawn in Egypt-te tung a gawtna apieh diing chieng in social distancing na bawl a, self-quarantine or isolation na peipi in kimuthei hi (Exodus 7:14-12:36). Tualou ah phah natna neite zong khopi pulang ah (Social distancing) na kikoi hi (Lev. 13:1ff. Cf. 2 Kings 7:3-20).

3.      ANTI-CHRIST HILOU, ANTI-COVID-19 HIZAW: Kumpi vaihawmte vaihawmna khu Christ-doudaltu hilou in COVID-19 doudalna diing a panlahna ahi hi. Tamteng zosie deina pen Christian-te bawlsietna (Anti-Christ/ian) hilou in, a Christian hi in, a Christian loute hitaleh COVID-19 natna tua aveisate ban ah koiman vei sih leh china tawh kibawl ahi hi. Tuazieh in Anti-Christ/ian hilou in Anti-COVID-19 ahizaw hi. Thamlou in nasep poimaw (essential jobs) a semte lousie mipite innsung a kikulkhum phot diing in kumpi in thuphuon bawlta hi. Tami hun sung a nasep kuon theiloute, nasep khawlsah, sumbuh kikhahte leh buoina Dangdang tuohte a diing in kumpi in zangna-dopna (Compensation or stimulus checks) in mimal huna kibawl diing chi khensatna lata uhi (Toone, 2020). Kumpi thumanglouten kumpi panpina zong lahda uleh hoi phiel diing hi. Anti-Christ/ian hileh zangna-dopna (stimulus checks) Christian-te kipelou diing hi.

4.      TAANG DIING I, MIT DIING? Tambang hun chieng a nang leh kei natna zieh in kumpi sum tampi beilaw a, doctor leh nurse tampi gimlaw a, ih innkuon leh Hattuomte lungkham law a, aphatmaw leh shina in ih innsung ah vaihawm nalai diing ngaisut huoi mama hi. Thumanglou a paupeng sang in tam atung a ih genteng ban ah tampi um nalaite noptuom tuntu hi diing kisamzaw hi. Mite a diing a paupeng hilou a thupha ihi diing kisamzaw hi (Gen. 12:2). Tami hun pen Anti-Christ/ian hilou zaw in Christian-te pichindan etsahhun ahizaw hi. I Cross-te uh biehinn sung maimai ah laampi lou in khopam lam zuon vai. Mipite chimaw genthei laitah in doctor, nurse, kumpi vaihawmte thapetu a pan hun, gilkielte leh inn-le-lou neiloute ann pieh hun ahi hi. Nasep poimaw semte (essential job) thungetna a panpitu hivai.

5.      BEIHINN HILOU, BIEHDAN DIHTAH (TRUE WORSHIPPERS): Jesu Krist leh Samari numeinu kihouna ah Jesu Krist in Pasian biehdan dihtah agen hi. Jesu’n, “Hinanleh ahun tung diing ahita, tun zong atung ahita a, tuahun chieng in abe tahtahte’n Pa khu Hagau leh thutah in abe diing uh, aziehpen Pa in Pa in tuabang mi Ama be diing in asui hi” achi hi (John 4:23). Pasian beihna ah Pasian lungdamna khu biehinn sung a va umzieh hilou in Hagau leh thutah a biehna khu ahizaw hi. Pasian mun zosie a um ahileh eima pindan sung ah zong Hagau thute kigen in, Hagau laate kisa thei a, Pasian phatna leh biehna (praise and worship) kibawl thei thamtham hi. Biehinn sung pen ministry bawlna phuolpi hilou in gingtute hatkhawmna, guolzawlna leh hahkhietna (Gather, bless and send out) mun ahizaw hi.

THUZAWNA

Tambang natna hiipi khu leitung pienchil apat a ana umzel ahia, Lai Siengthou ban ah Zo ngaina ah zong kimu hi. A lamdang seng hilou in, Pasian theipina tawh ana tung zel, tulaitah a tung, leh ang tung zel diing ahizaw hi. Kumpi vaihawmte thugen khu Anti-Christ/ian hilouo in Anti-COVID-19 ahizieh in a chi dandan uh zui diing ahi hi. Biehinn kai theilou diing chi hilou zaw in mizapi kikhawm theilou diing, mi 10 sang a tamzaw munkhat phot ah umkhawm theilou diing chi hizaw hi. Tualemah in, tami hun sung in Pasian kung a nasetah a kikou a, tami puul hiipi ang lahkhiet sahna diing a nget ban ah, tami tawh kisai a hospital leh aphamaw nasepna (essential jobs) semte a diing a thu ngetsah diing ahizaw hi.

LAIBU ETTE

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, March 21). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html

Grzybowski, A., & Nita, M. (2016). Leprosy in the Bible. Clinics in Dermatology, Volume 34, Issue 1, January–February 2016, Pages 3-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003

Grzybowski, A., & Virmond, M. (2016). Leprosy: Between biblical descriptions to advances in immunology and diagnostic techniques. Clinics in Dermatology, Volume 34, Issue 1, January–February 2016, Pages 1-2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.10.008

Lemire, J. & Colvin, J. (2020, March 19). Trump signs coronavirus aid package, invokes Defense Production Act to fight COVID-19. Retrieved from https://abc30.com/health/trump-signs-coronavirus-aid-package-with-paid-sick-leave-/6024211/

Park, M., Thwaites, R.S. and Openshaw, P.J.M. (2020), COVID‐19: Lessons from SARS and MERS. Eur. J. Immunol., 50: 308-311. doi:10.1002/eji.202070035

Smith, M., Yourish, K., Almukhtar, S., Collins, K., Harmon, A., McCann, A., and Wu, J. (2020, March 21). Coronavirus in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html?fbclid=IwAR0MS7WuP9JoH4V_1HPeViJwnVGkDlFFxbMifR8meeLYaXNJosuik0vPRUc

Stangl, A.L., Earnshaw, V.A., Logie, C.H. et al. (2019). The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework: a global, crosscutting framework to inform research, intervention development, and policy on health-related stigmas. BMC Med 17, 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1271-3

Toone, S. (2020, March 21). Trump says stimulus checks will be ‘much more’ than $1,000. Retrieved from https://www.ajc.com/news/breaking-trump-says-stimulus-checks-will-much-more-than-000/ye9TlqiowJXyQbyTiuP5IO/

World Health Organization: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. (2020, March 21). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

YOUTHS - THE HOPE OF JESUS CHRIST

Khai Minthang Samte

MA, MBA Dallas Baptist University

(Came across this article I presented to the Central Church, ZPCS on March 3, 2013)

INTRODUCTION: Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen! It is good to be here in the house of God and I am delighted to be here to be willing, able and ready to present this seminar on the topic of "Youths - the hope of Jesus Christ." I give thanks to the Almighty Father for this opportunity and extended my heartfelt thanks to the local church committee for availing this opportunity. In fact I am still a youth like most of you according to the Presbyterian Youth Fellowship's criteria, but I am towards the second half of the criteria. Therefore, we are on the same boat but a little apart on either side of the end. Character of this paper will be based on the Bible while some of them will be personal witnesses and testimonies. There will be also instances of very familiar people whose lives have been told to encourage youths in positive and negative ways, whose lives impacted the youths both in positive and negative ways. In whatever ways or terms we do, we will always try to focus on the youths - who they are, where they are and where God wanted them to be. 

Our title is a very unique in nature and arrangement. It is like a shirt that can be worn inside-out. "Youths - Hope of Jesus Christ" is as much relevant as "Jesus Christ - the hope of the Youths." To some extent it throws clearer meaning, nature, implication and application because with Jesus Christ everything is possible and he is willing, able and ready to help us grow into his likeness as youths. 

DEFINITION: Online dictionary defines youths as "the time of life when one is young; especially: the period between childhood and maturity. The early period of existence, growth, or development. A young person; especially: a young male between adolescence and maturity. Young persons or creatures —usually plural in construction." Most definitions defined youth people group who are between children and adults. Between children and adults could also be taken in terms of age and psychological development. There are some youths who are psychologically mature yet still premature in terms of age, and vice versa. Therefore, balanced growth in age, intellectual quotient, emotional quotient, and spiritual quotient are indispensable aspects of growth and maturity. 

The United Nations put the youths between 15 and 25. In the United States, the beginning of teenage i.e. 13 marked the end of childhood and the beginning of youth, and 21 marked the end of the youth because they are legally entitled to be considered mature citizens. In India education right stated that children under the age of 14 must have free education and child labor right prohibits children from working. The adult franchise gives right to vote to citizens of 18 years and older. Therefore, the ages between 14 and 18 is considered youths according to the Indian constitution. PYF put the youths between 14 and 40. According to the Zou culture and tradition youths are people who are still young and unmarried. Young married couples are also considered youths. Therefore, every nation and country have their own law for the youths and the matured citizens. From a logical point of view he who thinks that he is still young and could perform young people's roles and responsibilities can also be considered youths because we all grow until we die. 

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE YOUTHS: Often times, youths are the reflection of families, churches and communities. They are students who will eventually take up the roles and responsibilities of manhood and womanhood. Therefore, special emphasis is always given to the youths in transition in every culture, nation and country. Youths of today are the pillars of tomorrow. The youths learned by imitation and trial and error method. Families, schools, vocational centers, churches and establishments imparted youths the knowledge and skills necessary for their survival in the next generation in one hand and to be compatible and competitive in the next generation. This is called the man making ministry. Jesus trained the apostles for three years up until he ascended to heaven. Proverb says "Train up a child in the way he should go." (Pro 22:6) This can be taken in a positive and negative way. If we train the youths in evil ways they will end up doing evil and if we train them in good ways they will end up doing what is good. If we don’t train them they will end up being evil because we are born evil and sinful. Therefore, the identity we imparted them is very in human development. 

IDENTITY FORMATION AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS: Psychologist invented an analogy called "ITJAR" (Identity, Thinking, Judgment, Action and Result) to determine the cost and effect analysis of human behavior. to look into cost and effect reasoning. They compared this to the iceberg that has 13% of its body above the surface of the sea and the remaining 87% hidden below the surface of the sea. Here, identity effects thinking, thinking effects judgment, judgment effects action and action effects result. The end result of 13% is visible to the outside world. 

The second important factor is the law of attraction in identity formation. This is primarily based on the law of attraction based on compatibility. To further elaborate in the Christian context, identity based on the nature, teaching and character of Satan will end up in satanic result. Likewise, identity based on the nature, teaching and character of Jesus Christ will end up in Christ-like result. Jesus Christ said, "Watch out for false prophets. They came to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves. By their fruit you will recognize them. Do people pick grapes from thorn bushes, or figs from thistles? Likewise every good tree bears good fruit, but bad tree cannot bear good fruit. Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire." (Matthew 7: 15-19) The aforementioned scripture clearly shows how identity affects the end result. In verse 17 Jesus Christ talked about a good tree and a bad one. This is the clearest example of the cost and effect analysis. 

If you based your identity on the cheater mentioned in Genesis 3:4 you will end up cheating, and if you end up cheating you will be cheated. (E.g. Jacob) If you based your identity on the killer mentioned in Job 1:9-19, you will end up killing, and if you end up killing you will be killed.

Jesus Christ who is the same yesterday and today and forever (Heb. 13:8) invites, expects and hopes you to build your identity in him because apart from him we can do nothing. (Jn. 15:5) He said, "Never will I leave you; never will I forsake you." (Heb. 13:5) The Lord wants you to obey his commandments and wants to "make you the head, not the tail… at the top, never at the bottom." (Deut. 28:13) He wants to take you to the road of radiant youth like Joseph; Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego; like David and Solomon. 

CASE STUDY ONE: One of the most powerful illustrated youths in the Bible is found in the book of Daniel. They were Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego who were from:

1) Royal family and nobility,
2) Young men without any physical defects,
3) Handsome, 
4) Showing aptitude for every kind of learning, 
5) Well informed, 
6) Quick to understand, and 
7) Qualified to serve in the king's palace. 

Their names were changed but not their hearts. They were physically, mentally and emotionally fit for the task they were given. Above all these qualifications, they have the best and most profound qualification that the world cannot give - they have spiritual qualification! Their faith and commitment to the omnipotent, the omniscient and the omnipresent God was without compromise. That was their secret wealth, weapon and victory. How many of us compromised our faith and commitment to the omnipotent, the omniscient and the omnipresent God when or after we are faced with such glamour and honor? 

They refused to eat foods offered to idols and prohibited by God and refused to bow down before idols and the gods of the land. By doing so, they knew clearly that they will be put to death, but they did not weaver and compromise their faith in the Lord. Their faiths were tested in the lion's den and in the burning furnace that was put seven times hotter. Their faith prevailed and the God they served never left them nor forsook them. Instead, God was exalted and people all over the land worship the living God while their opponents were banished from the land. 

CASE STUDY TWO: There was a rich young man who met with Jesus that was recorded three times in the Gospel which shows how important the story was. It is found in Matthew 19: 16-22, Mark 10:17-22 and Luke 18: 18-23. There must have been something very attractive about this young man. He was sincere, earnest and eager to do right. Years of seeking truth and striving to do God's will had left a noble mold upon his face. "'All these I have kept,' they young man said. 'What do I still lack?' Jesus answered, 'If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.' Then the young man heard this, he went away sad, because he had great wealth." (Matt. 19: 20-22) It was a wonderful opportunity Jesus Christ offered him. He could have been one of the apostles and could have fellowship with the Son of God and be present at Gethsemane, Calvary, and Olivet and could have been in the upper room at Pentecost. He might even have contributed a book to the New Testament. Today, nobody even knows his name and his possessions vanished with him centuries ago.

WHAT SHALL WE DO NOW?: The apostle Paul advised young Timothy, "Do not let anyone look down because you are young, but set example for the believers in speech, in life, in love, in faith and in purity." (2 Tim. 4:12) Let us break down the key words:

a) In Speech: The Bible is very strict about our speech. We are told not to gossip because it betrays a confidence and separate close friend. (Pro. 11:13; 16:28) We are rather told to confess that Jesus Christ is the Lord. (Phil 2:11) Jesus Christ said, "What goes into a man's mouth does not make him unclean, but what comes out of his mouth makes him unclean." (Matt. 15:11)

b) In Life: Paul wrote to the Ephesians, "As a prisoner for the Lord, then, I urge you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received. Be completely humble and gentle, be patient, bearing with one another in love. Make every effort to keep the unity of the spirit through the bond of peace." (Eph. 4: 1-3) Our faith and our life must be consistent. It must not be ones like "Follow my advice and do not follow my lead."

c) In Love: The life and ministry of Jesus Christ is a perfect example of love. It was because of love that he came into the world, lived, died, was buried, and rose again on the third day. Paul's letter to the Corinthians chapter 13 talks about love, and love is the greatest among the three - faith, hope and love. (1 Cor. 13: 13) The Good Samaritan is another example of love and loving our neighbors.

d) In Faith: The book of Hebrews chapter 11 talks about how people of the Bible lived by faith and were being justified by their faith. Jesus Christ healed the sick, the blind, the lame and all sorts of sicknesses. (Matthew 9: 18-22, 29; Luke. 7: 9) Jesus rebuked his disciples because of their little faith. (Luke 8:25) 

e) In Purity: The psalmist said, "How can a young man keep his way pure? By living according to your word." (Ps. 119: 9) Jesus Christ said, "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God." (Matthew 5: 8) There can also be physical purity, sexual purity, emotional purity and spiritual purity. 

DECISION TIME: Ecclesiastic 12: 1 says, "Remember the creator in the days of your youth, before the days of trouble and the years approach when you will say, 'I find no pleasure in them." It is time to decide for your future here on earth and beyond. It is time to decide for your spouse, profession, career and destiny. If you make the right decision you will benefit from it in the days of your old. If you make the wrong decision you will reap the fruit of your harvest. If you yield a toehold to Satan, he will get his foothold and eventually his stronghold. He will never leave you the same person as you were before. He will leave you with bankruptcy, drug addiction, broken family, AIDS, criminal, etc. and your sins will haunt you day and night. But, Jesus Christ said, "Come now, let us reason together… though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they are red as crimson, they shall be like wool." (Isa. 1: 18) If you come and start with him he will renew your spirit and you will soar like an eagle. (Isa. 40:31) He is the same yesterday, and today and forever (Heb. 13: 8) and has promised us, "Never will I leave you; never will I forsake you." (Heb. 13:5) 

CONCLUSION: Every action has cause and effect/consequences. The youths (PYF) are the hope of Jesus Christ and he wants us to be his messenger of hope to the family, church, community and the rest of the world. He is able, willing and ready to help you in your endeavor for him, for yourself, for your family, for your church, for your community and for the rest of the world. He is the rock of ages where we can lean on, build our faith and trust and never weaver. He wants to start with you and build his eternal kingdom in your life and the lives around you. Our days are short and our life here on earth is but a journey. You can create heaven on earth and hell on earth as well. The case studies are based on the Bible and the most vivid example of the good and evil people. We, as youths, are encouraged by the message of Paul to the young Timothy. May God cause his face to shine upon us and bless us in our endeavor! Thank you, Central church Presbyterian Church. Thank you, CCPYF. May God be glorified through this seminar! Amen!

*************************** March 3, 2013 ***************************

SIEMNA ZIL O, PILNA SANG E

Khai Minthang Samte MA, MBA

THUPATNA: Laisiengthou in “Silbangkim in hun nei” (Eccl. 3:1-8) nachi hi. Pilna-siemna zil diing ichi zong ahun um hi. Adieh in academic career bang ahuntah a izil sih leh kikhel bai mama hi. Class V a tawp, kum sawm jounua in Class VI a kai diing pen bai nawn hetlou hi. Tuamabang in kum 40 vaal college a lutkia diing pen bai hetlou hi. Khuzieh in ahuntah a siemna zil in nidang chieng in lungkimna leh lawchinna hine pe diing a, academic vai a bawlkhielna in kisiana chilou bangma ang pesih hi. School kai ihit chieng a nasep suina ah zong kum in kichiemte lihleh a, ahun kikheel pawl a diing in Graduate level exam bawlhun chieng in kum kitam nei nawn mellou hi. Tuazieh in ahuntah a silbawl thupi mama a, English-te bang in “Don’t miss the momentum” chi thangsah mama uhi. Ei ham a let diing hilei “Sia asat lai in sat in” chi tawh kibang lien diing hi. Laisiemna nei lei neehsuina diing lampi tampi kihong hi.

Innsung hamsatna zieh leh buoina zieh a laisiemna suina kikhelte a diing in khutsiem-silbawl khat tei ahiei, professional trade khattei jui poimaw mama hi. Sumsuina diing a bawlthei khatzong nei kilkellou pen hamsa mama hi. High school na zawlou vang in professional trade na zilthei diing tam mama hi. Kithasiet bawl sinlen, thanuomtah leh kukaltah in zil inlen tuami tawh neehsui lechin mikhat napha veve diing hi. Na lunggel (attitude) ah sil tampi kinga hi. Laisiem loupi laisiemte sep teng eng a, tuate chilou nasep mulou ihileh vang mannabei ihita a, mi khateneng daw diing ihita giap hi.

LAISIM VAI AH: Siemzil naupangte thei diing a thupipen ahileh laithei diing ahi hi. Tuakhel a poimaw aum sih hi. Tup kichien nei diing chite ang kihagenpi mama a, naupan lai in itup diing zong kithei tuonlou ahizieh in tunin siemzillai sangnaupangte kung ah na lai uh siemsawm photphot un kang chi nuom phot hi. Nang pichin dungjui un na tup nuom uh hing kilang mai diing hi. Lai theitheina diing in mimal kithunun a ngai a, laisimtam angai a, medium of instruction master diing apoimaw a, support group (lawm-le-guolte, nu-le-pa leh academic advisor) kichien nei poimaw mama hi. Laisim hun khu bangma in suhbuoisah lou diing ahoi a, lawmte zieh a lai simtheilou ihi leh lawm neilou phot ahoi a, khotaang (Social) vai tambawllou ahoi pen a, Hagau thu ah zong eima leh Pasian kizopna, nu-le-pate thumang, leh biehinn kaihun kituptah nei a, laisim khu athupipen (priority) a pieh diing ahi hi. Christian naupang hoi khat na hi nuom leh lai nasim chieng in Laisiengthou bung khat simsuoh masa in, Pasian kung ah thumna nei lechin na thumna guohsuoh lou diing hi. Laisiengthou na sim chieng in tehsim zengzung lou in abanban in sim lechin bangmalou kaal in Laisiengthou na simsuoh jou diing a, Laisiengthou simsuoh lungnopna na experience khapan diing hi. Laisiengthou simsuoh khu laibu dang simsuoh tawh kibang lou in Pasian hamuonna kitang dieh bang hi.

                 America ah  U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) te gendan in high school degree tan chieng khat sang in bachelor's degree khat in 66% tamlawzaw a, degree nei kingkeng lou khat sang in bachelor’s degree khat in 75% tamlawzaw hi chi in suikhie uhi. Tuathamlou in college educated khat pen nasepna ah kaisang bai a, sepna ah zong tuitumzaw in suikhie uhi. Kumnidan a asuina uah tam anuoi a bang in mukhie uhi[1]:

Type of Degree	Annual Median Salary (2011)
High school diploma	$40,050
College with no degree	$47,070
Associate degree	$50,930
Bachelor's degree	$66,200
Master's degree	$83,030
Professional degree	$119,470
Doctorate degree	$100,770

Tambang ahitaah leh laisim in ihalaw nasatah in khangsah thei china ahi hi. Sumsuisiemten (Investors) "Laisim khu sumbawlna hoi penpen ahi" chi uhi. Asumpi (Capital) mipilkhat in azah leh aletampi meetthei a, damsung dai in ameet kinene a, "Mipil in apilna khawng lou, mimo in amotna lieu seng lou" chia nakigente tawh kibang hi. Eigam ah entalei, Nursing degree pen professional degree khat in kituot hi. High school apat in Nursing (B.Sc.) degree zawna diing in Rs. 5 lakh veel bei diing in tuotthei hi. Aleh, kumpi Hospital a Nursing sepna mu khat in kumkhat in 12x35,000=4.2 lakh muta a, kumkhat leh ha thum sung in High school apat Nursing a kaaina sum jousie dinjouta hi. Khatkia ah, Churachandpur Govt. College a B.A. tan tunna diing in Rs. 3 lakh beilou diing hi. B.A. jousa khat in graduate level khat ah nasepna mu in ha khat in Rs. 20,000 sang taleh ha 15 (kum khat leh ha thum) sung in a neu apat alaisimna a sumbei jousie dinjouta hi. Civil services bang gielkhe taleh ha ni/thum sung in aneu apat a laisimna jousie dinjouta hi. Tua hi in, laisim in nasep mulei pen meet mama hi. A damsung teng ameet ne ahita hi.

Laisim ichi chieng in mailam hun a diing a kisingsa china ahi hi. Hun beisah maimai a school kai kihilou in, pil diing, siem diing, kilamdang diing, mailam hun a nasep hoitah mutheina diing, halaw kilawmtah lawtheina diing leh innsung nu/pa ihing hi chieng a innkuon kitoudel joute ihi theina diing ua kisingsa ihi ua, khotaang maipho (social image) bawlbawl zong ihi uhi. Na pil sih leh hing kizatat lou diing hi. Nangma na ki awlmo gige sih leh koiman nang hing awlmo man gige lou diing hi.

NASEPNA VAI AH: Laisiem lei nasep sui nopdeu hamtang hi. Eima laisimpi (major) tawh kituohte bang mubai dieh hi. Ahin eima major zong master joulou ihileh nasep pen hamsa mama hi. Ka MBA course kakai lai a professor khat thugen ka lungsimtong hing deng khat um hi. “MBA degree nga diing nahi ua, MBA te theidan a nathei diing uh, MBA te umdan a na um diing uh, tua ahilou leh DBU te MBA te ginalou hing kichi diing hi” hing chi hiau hi. Pasian hepina tawh MBA ka graduate masang un student phabep in nasep kamuta uhi. BA khat hi-ngal a BA-te thei diing kilawmte ithei lou chieng in I degree minsesah ihia, simda vet lei hoizaw diing hi. Ka nasepna khat a ka pupa un, “Na silbawl akip-akawi in theisieng in” (Be the master of your craft) chi gen hi.

Architect khat in innlam diing a ngaisut chieng in asing-asuong bangza bei diing, tha bangza lut diing, sum bangza lut diing, chite kichientah in khuotkhe thei a, inn kijou nailou pen alim-aguong (Blue Print) hoitah in gielkhejouta hi. Engineer khat in vanleeng a leen masang in aleen didan, a gihna, hui hatdan, asandan, leitung hiipna, chite hoitah in suikhe dildel a, vanleeng a kibawljou chieng in lengthei hiau hi. Doctor khat in china ajen diing chieng in nasatah in a natna suikhie a, a damlou pa/nu natna gente ngaikhie a, achitung a mitmuthei diing a kilangte enkhie a, avanzahte tawh sui kawikawi a, a natna thei masa hi. Tuajou chieng in tuabang natna bang kichi jen diing chi nasatah in suijui a, damdawi a kituoh diing pen pie in, enkhie a, adam sih leh adang khat pekia a, adamtan tuadan in jen hi. Tambang a siemna neite ma Government leh company ten sui uhi.

                Theichien mellou in sem suh thop talei mi hinna ei khut a um ahia, mi business ei khut a um ahia, mitate mailam ei khut a um ahizieh in eima bawlkhiel apaap ei kung ma ah hing tung peelmo diing hi. Kumpi in chitna neitah leh muongtah a nasep pengal a office kai nuomlou, ahun buching a sem nuomlou, asep sunsen leh thalaw neiloute dan a asepsahte kung a sum la nalai, halaw san hun chieng a ahun buching a halaw kipelou ahiei aseki-amakhai nasan chiemtete pen Pasian gentahlou Dawite nasan in zong “Ash, talawm sam de” a chite uh hi diing a, Pasian guolzawlna gentahlou dawite sapsietna zong tangthei nalai diing un ka gingta hi. Eima sepna ah professional hetlou in miten professional deutah a ang bawl diing uh ki-ut a, eima sepna ah chitah hetlou halaw chitahtah a hing kipieh sih leh “bandh” kibawl ngam nalai hi. Laisiengthou in “Min na tung a abawl diing nadei bang in mite tung ah zong bawl in” (Matt. 7:12) nachi hi. Sangsye khat hi ngal a sang kai nuomlou, akai sunsun chieng a zong deisahna tawh laihil nuomlou chite pen mitate manthaina bawl ahia, a paap popelmo diing hi.

BUSINESS VAI AH: Gam khangtouten siemna, chitahna leh chitna tawh nasep sui ua, nasep suina ah zong a ching pente ma kisemsah a, a semthei diingte ma kisemsah hi. Ei gam ah dangnaalte nasep mubai, business bawlte pen misol siem in kikoi lel hi. USA ah “Business na lawchin nop leh chitah in” kichi hi. Aziehpen, mi na sol leh akia chiah koiman hing gingtalou diing a, navan koiman hing leipieh lou diing a, na school ah koima kai nuomlou diing a, na thugen koiman ngainuom lou diing a, na biehinn ah koima kai nuomlou diing a, koiman nang tawh business (Nasep) bawl nuomlou diing hi kichizaw hi. Tuasang in chitah zaw lechin mite muon ngamna na nga diing a, niteng, kaalteng, hateng, kumteng in miten hing beel diing a, nang tawh business bawl nuomsa diing uhi.

                Heisung heisung ah sem talei isepna ah siemna, chitahna leh chitna poimaw mama hi. A bawl didan theilou in pong chitah lei zong kizangthei tuomlou a, bawlsiem mama in chitah sih lei zong hing kisawt sepsah nuomlou veve hi. Nidanglai in meeltheite khat summeet bawl in zinden simpien hi. Siemna neilou a, sumpi-summeet khuot theilou ahizieh in asumpi tung a amu jousie ameet in tuot vahiau lel hi. Asumpi Rs. 1000/- a senna ah Rs.1100/- amu leh Rs. 100/- meet in ki-ngaisut ta hi. Ahivang in avan puohna kawikawi rickshaw man, ama nitha, bus a puohman, chite jousie ngaisut vateh lou hi. Ama ngaidan a Rs. 100/- tuom meet gige hinapi asawt bawl deudeu leh kiem deudeu zosop hi. Tami nu in bang e a kisap? “Gross income minus expenses equals net income” chite thei vatehlou a, balance sheet etdan leh income statement etdan theilou china ahi hi. Tamte pen laisim leh noptah in khuot thei diing hi. Meitei sing-atte kigen dan hileh a sing atna mun ua aduteng uh nekawm a sing a-at uleh a sing-at bei utoh kituoh a asumlaw teng uh zong bei chidan zong umthei hi.

INNTEEN-LOUTEEN AH: Laisiemte innteen-louteen kitup deu a, siengthou deu ua, damthei kaai deu ua, zong hausa deu uhi. Aziehpen nasep hoitah nei ua, halaw hoitah nei uhi. Pasian a pienthana kichien nei ahi nalai uleh leitung-vantung a hampha pente ahita uhi. Khatteng in ahausate Pasian tawh kigamla sese diing in ngaisut ua, ahausate zudawn sese diing in ngaisut uhi. Zawng mama, ju zong du mama mihing tam mama lel hi. Pasian gam leh a dihtatna sui masate Pasian in adang jousie pieh belap nalai hi. (Matt. 6: 33)

                Keima sui dan in nupa dansiengthou a kiteengte leh a kigute ka etkaah kawikawi chieng in dansiengthou a kiteengte ma kitul deu teitei uhi. Dansiengthou a kiteengte ma milien milal leh innkuon nuomsa suoh deu un kamu hi. Kigute milien-milal suoh lezong innkuon nuomsa tam kamu sih. Tami study pen research type a kibawl hilou in meeltheite leh thukanna apat a innsung theite apat a mukhiet ahi hi. Tualeh, dansiengthou a kiteenna leh laisiemna in zong correlation nei in ka mu hi. Tuazieh in dansiengthou a kitenna khu a kiteengte “standard” or “class” khat in zong kilang abahna um hi. Pasian panglou a lawchinna khun a sawtdai sih hi.

                Innteen-khosah zie diing pen Pasian kung a aap khel a lungmuonhuoi leh damtheihuoi umlou hi. Tami kachi vang in eiman bangma bawl lou diing china hilou hi. Asung a teengten bangma abawl sih uleh Pasian in guolzawlna a piehnuom pen zong luoikhe theilou uhi. Innteen-louteen a mite iphah theina diing in planning kisam petma a, kiningchinna inei nuom leh sum-le-pai zeehdan kisam petma hi. I zawn vevaw zieh uh ahileh siemna izil nuomlou zieh ua sep diing meel umlou, sep sunsunte lah nitha tunna va-ngua umlounate a isep zieh uh hilel diing hi. Tuaban ah, I thalaw tawmnou vevawte a kimkhat zu a diing a I khenkhiet zieh uh zong ahi maithei hi.

THUTAWPNA: Siemna zil hun khu bangma in suhbuoi sah lou diing ahi hi. Laisiemna zil diing a I kiheeh seng lezong neehsui theina siemna khat (vocational trade) kizilthei nalai hi. Tambang a professional trade khat teitei tawh kibultuo lei mimal hindan, taangpi-taangta mai leh innsung etkolna ah mikipha deu teitei hi. Siemna, chitahna leh chitnate inei chieng in nasep sui nop a, sumlaw zong tamdeu a, dinmun zong sang deu a, promotion zong mubai deu hi. Upaten “Ka zawn in hing mosah” achi uh khu pieh diing a kilawmte pejoulou, bawl diing a kilawmte bawl joulou china ahia, siemna nei in, nasep hoi nei in, sum muna hoi neilei pen koima dang a diing hilou in I itt mamate ma a diing hi lel hi. Min na sol leh koiman hing tahsang kia nawnlou diing hi. Mite na itt bawl leh nang zong ang ki itt bawl diing a, na hansan khum leh nang vahsa hi ngaplou khat ang taisan lel diing uhi. Pasian tawh mapang khawmte Pasian in pilna, sum-le-pai, leitung guolzawlna leh kumtawn hinna apie hi. Tam pen damlai nite ban ah shinua chieng a zong meet penpen ahizieh in siemzil lawm-le-guolte Pasian lungsietna pom a, Jesu Mang leh hundampa a sang a, Ama tawh ishi in zong, ihing in zong, pangkhawm tawntung diing in kang chiel hi.

******************** Oct 13, 2015 ******************

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[1] http://study.com/articles/How_Much_More_Do_College_Graduates_Earn_Than_Non-College_Graduates.html (accessed on Oct. 12, 2015)

GOOD MORNING KRISTIAN TANGKOU!!!

GOOD MORNING KRISTIAN TANGKOU!!!

Mr. Khai Minthang

Texas, USA

(Ka email luite ka ban etet leh tami article mukha ing. Ka laihah ni May 10, 2010)

Kristian Tangkou simtute zousie Pasian min in chibai!

Tu May ha khu sangnaupangte leh siemsinte asangzaw deute a diing in siemsinna ga law hun ahia, graduation ha ahideu hi. I gamsung ah zong High School Leaving Certificate exam., Higher Secondary Education exam leh atunglam course tuomtuomte – secular leh theology result suoh hun ahiban ah graduation hun zong ahi hi. I gamsung uah siemsinna kum (academic year) khu ni in apei hi: January – December Module leh July – May (June) Module ahi ua, High school-te’n module masapen azui ua, High school sang a sangzawte – Secular hi in Laisiengthou leh trade tuomtuomte’n module nina azui uhi. I gam kumpi in tamtegel kituohsah a module nina dan a siemsinna zousie peisah diing in a lunggel ua, khatvei chieng a hing tangtung diing hileh a kilawm hi. Hilezong, Kristiante a diing in module umlou in akuol a pei (rolling basis) in Pasian in siemsinna (training) amite ape zing a, I zawkhietni (graduation) zong atuom chiet in inei uhi.

Pasian in Ama nasep sem diing a training apieh chieng in nam tuomtuom in apie hi. Khatteng langtang in apie a, khatteng gamdai ah apie a, khatteng mun simmawhuoi pen ah ana pie hi. Joseph in, "Noute masang a kei Pasian in ahing sawl..." (Gen. 45:3-8) achi masang in mudana, bawlsietna, zuahna leh thongkietna in hun tampi ana zangkha hi. Joseph a kiphuonkhiet masang in koima'n ama hin lam zong a theipha nawnsih uhi.  Mosi khu lamkai a ateel masang in Median gam ah Jethro belamte kum 40 sung vingveng a chingsah masa hi. Anu-le-apate leh a mipite tawh kimulou leh kikawmtuo lou in kum 40 sung a kem chimit mawh hi. Abawl diing leh asep diing Pasian in ana guotsa hinanleh Mosi kung ah ana genkha himhim sih hi. Kum 40 ang chin zou chieng in Pasian in, "Ka mipite kana aw..." (Exo. 3:7-10) ang chipan mawh hi. Tuamabang in, Jesu zong vansawlsieng in thu apieh masang in Egypt ah phuolmang in ana um a, tuazou in kum 12 kiim ahi in khatvei ang dawh kia a, tuazou in kum 20 diing tuom tutan a ana umna theizoulouna mun ah training ana la hi. Pharisaite leh mipite mai a akiphuon masang in koima'n Jesu hin lam zong a theipha nawnsih uhi.

Hunkhatlai in Joseph a sanggamte’n amau hinna huhing diing leh gilkiel-dangta a shi diingte hundamtu hi diing in a ngaisun kha vawt sih diing uhi. Thamlou in, juou-le-naal tawh kiheh a thong sung a aum laitah in vang lengpa innsung a um diing gentahlou lengpa innsung gimnam namkha diing in zong koima’n a gingta sih diing hi. Laigelsiemte’n ‘Thong innsung apat Lengpa huongsung’ chi zojen in Joseph tanchin ana suut uhi. Tuamabang in, Mosi in zong Median gam a agaltai kum 40 sung in bang lung ana gelta diei chi zong kigen theilou hi. Lengpa innsung apat gamdaidam a belamte chin diing sil hamsapi ahi diing banah, tahsa gimna sang in lunglen-kho-ngainate zong a thuohnop liei diing in gintat ahuoi sih hi.

Joseph in a training na thong innsung apat hing zou in, Pharaoh masang ah hing graduate in a mipite a diing in nasep ang kipanta hi. Mosi zong Median gam ah a training hing zou in Sinai muol tung ah ang graduate a, a mipite lah ah ang sem a, lamkai muonhuoitah ang suoh hi. Jesu nuazuite zong Jesu tawh kum thum tuom training ang bawlkhawm zou chieng un Jesu’n graduate sah in nitaah in ann neehpi in mun zousie leh gam zousie a Pasian thu taangkoupi diing in asawl hi.

Zogam sung phawnghal diing, Zou laukha pallun sah diing, tahsa leh hagau a annpe diing honkhat tulaitah in Pasian in lam tuomtuom leh mun tuomtuom ah training na hing pie in, i hinkhuo ua diing a mun kilawmlou pen a I um laitah a hithei a, juou-le-naal a heeh a I um laitah a hithei a, zua a I um laitah uh ahithei a, thong kie a I um laitah uh zong ahithei a, neehsui-taahsui a lungkham-mangbang a i um laitah zong ahithei a,  lungleeng kho-ngai leh mailam hun diing theilou a khuisa a I um laitah zong a hithei diing hi. Hilezong, I umna chiet ah Pasian tawh I kizopna tansah lou in I ginna meivah uh taangsah zing lei ahun chieng in innneipa’n meitan koina mun ah ang koi veve diing hi. Aziehpen koiman meitan law akhu ngaisih a, muoltung kitawitah a khopi um khu phuolsel ahithei sih hi. (Mtt. 5: 14) I lungkiet sih pou leh I siemsinna ga khatvei chieng a lou diing leh graduation I bawl hun hing tung diing ahi hi.

Pawlpi mi tampite'n heia vaitham ata diei ahing chita diing ua, khenkhatte lungsim ah ka mangthang hiei-hieita diing a, khenkhatte'n pawlpi tungtawn a Pasian nasep tawpsan hitava ang chita diing ua, nidang a thumna a hing panpi khenkhatte'n ang na tawpsanta maithei diing ua, khenkhatte'n kei buoina khu 'Theology' hi nawnlou in 'Dollarlogy' hitava ang chi thamta diing ua, khenkhatte'n Zou Synod (Kei umlai a MGP kichi nalai) tawh kizopmatna nei nawnlou hitava chi zong abei sih diing a, khenkhat kia leuleute'n lah kei umlou lemtaangsa in juouthu ana thejah diing ua, mitampite'n ana gingtata diing uhi. Hilezong, leitung mun khat ah Pasian hepina tang leh laisimthei a um in tu leh tunua chieng a A thuphate simthei leh theipitu (witness) hi diing a ngansiena khat neithei ka hijieh in Pasian tung leh noute zousie tung ah lungdamthu ka gen hi. David in, “Ahi, shina limguom tawn in pei nanleng; silgilou mawngmawng ka zau sih ding hi; Aziehpen nangman na hing umpi a, na khetbuh leh na chiengin ahing hamuon zel hi. Nangman ahing doute mitmuin ka masangah, annkuong na lui a, ka nou adimlet hi” achi bang in Pasian iitna sung ah kipah leh lungmuong in nuom isa tawntung uhi.

Laphuotu Issac Watts in 1719 in Lapite 90na pansia a, "Pasian taang a eina panpi; machieng ka lam-et uh" ana chi bang in ihina khat phot a tamitan hing tungsah tu Pasian ahilam manghil lou diing ahoi hi. Ebenezer! Phone tungtawn a tanchin kihilthei honkhat aum a, laia gelthaw a tanchin kihilthei honkhat aum a, meel kimu a tanchin kihilthei honkhat aum hi. Pawlpi mi zousie tawh khatvei 'Meel kimu a dohna leh dawnna hun' khat bawlkhawm kaal ka ngahla mama a, ka zilkhiette hopsawn hun kinei henlen, I pawlpi minsuong a sil kilawmlou kibawlte banah shina limguom tawn a kapei lai a Pasian hoina theipitu ka hidan genkhietna hun kineitaleh kachi hun atam mamata hi. "Aziehpen tuin himlanga et bangin, chienglou milmiel in imu ua, hinanleh tua hun chiengin vang kimaituo in imuta diing uhi, tuin pen akimlou in ka thei a, hinanleh tua hun chiengin vang kei hing kithei bangin ka theita ding hi." (1 Kor. 13:12)

ZOGAAL A SAMTE MIHANGSANTE PANMUN

ZOGAAL A SAMTE MIHANGSANTE PANMUN

(1917 – 1919)

Khai Minthang Samte

Bangdiing a Samtete'n Zogaal nasatlou ahiei, ahilouleh ana sat khah uleh bang diing a aminte uh kitheimaw bawl ee chi ka kan kawikawina (research) ah tu-le-tu in phamsa Pu Onchin leh Pu Khupkai-te'n zong Zogaal nasatkha thamtham uhi chi a tate uh Pu Lienchinmaang, Bohlui mi kum 60 tuom a upa leh Pu Tongkham, Tangpijol mi kum 80 tuom a upa apat in kana mukhie hi.

 Phamsa Pu Onchin Samte leh Pu Ongou Samtete innkuon pen Ngalzang khomi ahi ua, Singngat a hing peem uh sawtlou a Zogaal hing khang ahia, a tapa Pu Lienchinmaang ahil dan in Zogaal laitah in ama (Pu Onchin) khu a tangval thahat laitah ahi hi. Singngat khuo a Taang-aite'n zu leh sa a minsa dimdiam a akoi ua galvil (spy) diing a kisawl khu ama leh Pu Suohkham ahi uhi. A galvilna mun uh atun uleh British gaalkapte hing naisengte ahiman in akap pai uleh Pu Suohkham thau suohlou in Pu Onchin in khat a kaplum pai a, tuachin a khuo uah a nuatai paita ua, a khomite ahil ua, a taizaah siengta uhi. Singngat apat Hiengtam Kulpi lang a manaw ua, tuamun ah nasatah in British-te ana dou uhi. Pu Onchin tu-le-tate lah a mindawh pen Pu S. Maangminthang a.k.a. Dr. S. Thangboi Zou PhD ahi hi.

 Phamsa Pu Khupkai Samte ahileh Hiengtam mi ahia, ama panmun a tapa Pu Tongkham in agendan in patong a kizang ahi hi. Pu Goulun Manlun leh Pu Laangzachin Manlun te khu gaallamkai ahi ua, Pu Khupkai khu a patong uh ahi hi. Amapa in Singkhuo, malta san leh naang gahkhawm in British-te ana pekha hi. Hiengtam kulpi a Zogam a diing a shi-ngam a nasatah a napangpa khat ahi hi. Pu Goukai tu-le-tate lah a mindawh pen khu Pu S. Kaikhankap, District Cooperative Officer (retired) ahi hi.0020

Tam atung thusim igente zatatna khu pusa-pasa lungkimsahna leh Ibieh Pasian lungkimna hi diing in ka gingta hi. Fact finding na bawlnuom ulezong ka interview video kanei a, interview ka bawlte zong adam nalai uhi. Mailang hun a research hoitah a bawl a, Zogaal satna kulpite zong mit ngei a vamu a, documentation ibawl sih leh India kumpi leh British kumpi chiemtenate pen tawm mama ahi chi thei diing in ahoi hi.

Ref:
http://www.kaiserscross.com/304501/525801.html (accessed May 18, 2017)

ZOLAI GELDAN LEH ZAHDAN

Khai Minthang Samte

Atlanta, GA

(Tami laigel khu book project a ka nei ahia, hunkhat chieng a laibu a hing suoh diing a bawl ahi hi)

Zou laimal I Chi: Zolai pen Roman laimal apat kiletkhie ahizieh in “a, aw, b, ch, d, e…” chi’a isim dana kizang ahia, English te laimal “a, b, c, …” dana isim dana kizang ahisih hi. Tuazieh in, English-te’n I laimal asim chieng un “Nang” khu “Neng” “Hang” khu “Heng” dan in asim ua, adih tuon sih hi. Tampen English leh Roman script lawdan (Pronunciation) kibahlou zieh ahi hi. Roman script laimal bulphu a laiteng nei zousie’n Zolai dihtah in asim thei ua, English laimal bulphu a laiteng nei zousie’n Zolai dihtah in asim theisih uhi. Tuathamlou in, Zolai dihtah a na khangkhe loute’n ii leh ee athei khen thei sih uhi. E.g. cheang=chieng, deae=diei, dumdum maw?=damdam maw?, etc.

Laimal Khanna: Khanglui lai in Zokam ah “F” leh “R” inei sih uhi. Hilezong hun-le-nite hing pei zeel in tuni chieng in “F” leh “R” ing zangta ua, tu masang deu mama in “Q, W, X, Y” ing zang pien-pienta uhi.  “F” leh “R” khu “Ph” leh “L” tuoh in ina gingsah ua, hilezong a gindan dihtah a ang ginthei tahtah lou chieng in “F” leh “R” khu kammal tahtah ang hita hi. Hilezong, “Q, W, X, Y” chite khu a kituohpi “K, U, S, I” ahia, zahpawlna diing a poimawna aum tahtah nai sih hi. Hilezong, ham dangte zahdan i copy ahiei, silminte a tuabang a kizah leh a kizah bang bang a izah uh angai veve hi.

Vowels:

a          e          i           o          u

Semi vowels:

aw       ng

Consonants:

b          ch        d          f           g         

h          j           k          l           m        

n          p          r           s           t          

v          z

Consonant Clusters: Consonant cluster kichite khu consonant laimal ni kigawm china ahi hi. Unau Mizote’n consonant cluster ahau dieh ua, tuaban ah unau Thadoute’n azui uhi. Hilezong Zokam ah consonant cluster nga maimai inei uhi. “Ng” leh “Ch” khu adihtah in consonant cluster ahi ua, hilezong Zolai ah alphabet in izang uhi. Consonant cluster-te en vai:

Kh       Lh        Ph        Sh        Th       

Khup: Khup in kha a khel ngai sih

Lha: Lha. Tami consonant cluster khu Zokam zang chiet hilei zong a kaidan (accent) in a kikhen a, “Lh” zang pawl leh “H” zang pawl ium uhi.

Example: Lhagau=Hagau, Lhapi=Hapi, Lha=Ha, Lhitui=Hitui

Phung: Phiemphu Phungpi. Tami consonant cluster khu Zokam dihtah ahia, English leh i unau Zokam “R” zangte a i zahpi chieng un “F” izang ua, tuapen “Ph” tawh kibahsah lou diing ahi. E.g. Fel=Taima khu tulai chieng in taima leh fel a kizang tuohta hi.  English kammal ah “Ph” zousie “F” in a gingsah uhi.

Shi: Shina khu koima’n a pelthei sih hi. Nidanglai in s leh sh khenkhe sese lou in ina zangkop ua, tulai chieng in sh khu ing hazah simta uhi. Ahivang in sh khu shi a diing a deituomteel bang in izang uhi. Shang, shen, shing, shieng, shou, etc. chite vang kizang tuomlou hi.

Thang: Thanghou leh Liendou in miimtang-taangtang ana phalhawm uhi.

'Ng' Laimal tawh kisai: 'Ng' khu i genthaw ching in a khietna leh laimal ah hoitah in i genthei a, hilezong i leh gel chieng in a buoihuoi gige hi. Aziehpen, 'Ng' khu consonant cluster ahiban ah, semi-vowel zah a kizang gige ahi hi. Consonant cluster laimalte khu mai leh anua a vowel in azui leh tuate tawh simkhop thei zing ahi hi. E.g. Kingaisun, Bangin, etc. (Tam pen ‘king aisun’ chia zong simkhel thei ahia, ‘ban gin’ leh ‘ba ngin’ chia zong simkhel thei ahi hi. Tuazieh in, 'ng' tawh thumal peikhawmte igel chieng in pilvan ahuoi mama hi. 'Ng' khu mabel 'ki' tawh ang peikhawm leh gitphei tawh theh diing ahia, 'ng' nua a vowel in azui leh kaalhal (space) bawl diing ahi hi. E.g. Ki-ngaisun, Bang in, etc. in, un, ua, a, etc. chite khu compound sentence zomtu 'ahia' ahilou ngal leh amasang a thumalte tawh gelmat lou diing ahi hi.

Ngaisiem: Ngaisiem thei mama ing. Tamtah a consonant cluster abah vang in mabel ‘Ki’ koi leh – ‘Kingaisiem’ ahia, consonant cluster gindan sang in semi-vowel dinmun – ‘Kin gai siem’ chia zong simkhel thei ahizieh in vowel dangte ma bang in mabel ‘ki’ leh ‘ngaisiem’ kikaal ah gitphei koi akul hi.

Consonant Endings: Zokam ah consonant a tawp laimal atam sih hi. Vowel – a, e, i, o, u; semi-vowel aw, ng; leh consonant h, k, l, m, n, p, t in atawp uhi. Consonant laimal tawpna a zahlou diingte ahileh b, ch, d, f, g, j, r, v, z ahi uhi. Hilezong, tulai chieng in consonant laimal ‘r’ khu i tamzahta ua, laimal patna leh tawpna in i zangta uhi. Example: Fuh, Phur, etc.

Consonant endings b, ch, d, f, g, j, r, v leh z a tawpsah lou diing in a kituohpi ahiei a kinaipi penpen a tawpsah diing ahi hi. b=p, ch=umlou, d=t, f=p (Ginalou), g=k, j=s (ginalou), r=l (Tulai kizang tam simta), v=u, leh z=s (Ginalou).

Consonant ‘R’ & ‘F’ Groups: I Zou mipi ‘R’ & ‘F’ group te’n Ch, Chh, Hl, Hm, Hn, Ph, Th, Thl, Thr, etc. chi’n azang uhi. Tami group ate ‘Ch’ pen ‘a, o, ou, aw’ in ang zui leh ‘T’ in i gingsah taangpi ua, ‘i’ leh ‘e’ in ang zui leh Zolai zahdan a kibang taangpi hi. ‘Chh’ khu ‘S/Sh’ in i gingsah ua, kammal ‘R’ a kipante khu a khietna atuom sih leh ‘G’ in i gingsah ua, ‘R’ a tawpte khu a khietna atuom sih leh ‘L’ ikoi uhi. ‘F’ khu consonant cluster-te gindan in i gingsah uhi.  Fak=phat, Buhfai=Buphai, Fate=Tate,

Consonant Suffix ‘H’ & ‘K’ Groups: Zolai gelna ah consonant cluster leh glottal stop ‘K’ in thumal a tawp ngai sih a, a khaupen nasal stop ‘H’ in atawp hi. I Zolai khu unau Paite-Tedim kammal zangte’n amau awkai tawh kituoh diing in laimal vowel/monothong a tawpte banah nasal stop ‘H’ azang ua, Zolai laimal nasal stop ‘H’ a tawpte ah glottal stop ‘K’ ang koi ua, Zolai consonant ‘L’ a tawpte ah consonant cluster ‘LH’ akoi uhi. Tuate envai:

Consonant Cluster sufix: Gel=Gelh, Hil=Hilh, Khel=Khelh, etc.

Nasal stops: Bu=Buh  Mawna=Mawhna, Pe=Peh, Te=Teh, etc.

Glottal stops: Buh=Buk, Lah=Lak, Suh=Suk, Suhsah=Suksak, Theisah=Theihsak, etc.

Tumasang lai deu pawlkhat in consonant cluster ‘ngh’ ang uongzahta uhi. Hilezong, Zolai gelna ah consonant cluster a laimal a tawp lou mabang in ‘ngh’ in atawp ngai sih hi.

Laimal ‘a, in, un, ah, uh, pen, khu’ te igel chieng a ahithei tan a tuomgel diing in ahoi hi. Tamte khu a kizahna dungzui in auxilary verb, adjective, noun, pronoun ahi uhi. Ahivang in 'a' khu prefix masang a aum lou a, verb, adverb leh adjective a diing a preposition dan a i zah leh gelmat diing ahia, Verb, Adverb, Adjective leh Noun a diing a post position a i zah leh kaalhal diing ahi hi. E.g. Silkhat ibawl leh ahoitheipen a bawl diing ahi hi.

Monothongs (Vowels): Vowel ichite khu amatang a gindan neitah a dingtheite china ahi hi. Laimal dangte tawh pangkhawm sese lou in amau maimai in zong a ding thei ua, consonant laimal khat masang-nuasang ahiei, consonant cluster ahiei, consonant ni kikaal ah aum taangpi uhi. Vowel khat in amatang ahiei, consonant tawh ahiei kituo in aw-gin (syllable) khat a bawlkhie hi. Vowel khat sang a tamzaw ang kithuo ua, consonant tawh ang kihal chieng in thumal khu syllable khat sang a tamzaw ang suoh pai hi.

a          e          i           o          u

Example: Aw-gin (Syllable) khat envai:

Ba        Cha      Da       Ga       Nga     Ha       Ja         Ka       La        Ma       Na       Pa        Sa        Ta        Va       Za

Be        Che      De       Ge       Nge     He       Je         Ke       Le        Me       Ne       Pe        Se        Te        Ve       Ze

Bi        Chi      Di        Gi        Ngi      Hi        Ji          Ki        Li         Mi        Ni        Pi         Si         Ti         Vi        Zi

Bo       Cho     Do       Go       Ngo     Ho       Jo         Ko       Lo        Mo       No       Po        So        To        Vo       Zo

Bu       Chu     Du       Gu       Ngo     Hu       Ju         Ku       Lu        Mu       Nu       Pu        Su        Tu        Vu       Zu

Aw-gin khat sang a tamzaw:

Pa=Aw-gin khat, Papi=Aw-gin ni, Nipini=Aw-gin thum,

Diphthongs: Diphthong ichite khu vowel ni aw-gin (syllable) khat a ging china ahi hi. Diphthong khu laimal dangte tawh pangkhawm sese lou in amau maimai in zong a ding thei ua, consonant laimal khat masang-nuasang ahiei, consonant cluster ahiei, consonant ni kikaal ah aum taangpi uhi. Diphthong khat in amatang ahiei, consonant tawh ahiei kituo in aw-gin (syllable) khat a bawlkhie hi. Diphthong khat sang a tamzaw ang kithuo ua, consonant tawh ang kihal chieng in thumal khu syllable khat sang a tamzaw ang suoh pai hi.

Diphthong izah chieng a theisiem mama diing khat ahileh dipthong dana kizangkhawm ahivanga aw-gin ni a ging veve aum hi. Tamte khu hyphen tawh gelkhawm diing ahi hi. E.g. Si-al=Fox, Du-am=Greedy, Kho-ul=sweat, etc. “Sial” leh “Duam” chia igel leh a khietna tuompi nei ahizieh in hyphen tawh gelkhawm diing ahi hi.

Tualeh, consonant zieh in zong kammal khat khietna ni asuoh thei a, tuate zong gelmat lou diing ahi hi. I gelmat sawm lezong gitphei (hyphen) beeh tawh khenkhiet ngei ngei diing ahi hi. Example: “Leel aw Leel aw”  chi leh “Leel-aw Leel-aw” leh “Lee law Lee law” “Lee-law Lee-law” chilei a kibang nawnsih hi. Thumal tampi tambang umthei diing aum hi.

Dipthong khenkhatte:

aa         ai         au        aw       awi      ee         ei         eu        ia         ie         ii          io         iaw      iu         oi         ou            ua        uo

Example:        

Baa      Chaa    Daa      Gaa      Ngaa    Haa      Jaa       Kaa      Laa      Maa     Naa      Paa      Saa      Taa      Vaa      Zaa

Bai       Chai     Dai      Gai      Ngai    Hai      Jai        Kai      Lai       Mai      Nai      Pai       Sai       Tai       Vai      Zai

Bau      Chau    Dau     Gau     Ngau   Hau     Jau       Kau     Lau      Mau     Nau     Pau      Sau      Tau      Vau     Zau

Baw     Chaw   Daw    Gaw    Ngaw  Haw    Jaw      Kaw    Law     Maw    Naw    Paw     Saw     Taw     Vaw            Zaw

Bawi    Chawi  Dawi   Gawi   Ngawi Hawi   Jawi     Kawi   Lawi    Mawi   Nawi   Pawi    Sawi    Tawi    Vawi            Zawi

Bei       Chei     Dei      Gei      Ngei    Hei      Jei        Kei      Lei       Mei      Nei      Pei       Sei       Tei       Vei      Zei

Bee      Chee    Dee      Gee      Ngee    Hee      Jee       Kee      Lee      Mee     Nee      Pee      See      Tee      Vee      Zee

Beu      Chei     Deu     Geu     Ngeu   Heu     Jeu       Keu     Leu      Meu     Neu     Peu      Seu      Teu      Veu     Zeu

Bia       Chia     Dia      Gia      Ngeu   Hia      Jia        Kia      Lia       Mia      Nia      Pia       Sia       Tia       Via      Zia

Bie       Chie     Die      Gie      Ngie    Hie      Jie        Kie      Lie       Mie      Nie      Pie       Sie       Tie       Vie      Zie

Bii       Chii     Dii       Gii       Ngii     Hii       Jii         Kii       Lii        Mii       Nii       Pii        Sii        Tii        Vii       Zii

Bio      Chio    Dio      Gio      Ngio    Hio      Jio        Kio      Lio       Mio      Nio      Pio       Sio       Tio       Vio      Zio

Biaw    Chiaw  Diaw   Giaw   Ngiaw Hiaw   Jiaw     Kiaw   Liaw    Miaw   Niaw   Piaw    Siaw    Tiaw    Viaw            Ziaw

Biu      Chiu    Diu      Giu      Ngiu    Hiu      Jiu        Kiu      Liu       Miu      Niu      Piu       Siu       Tiu       Viu      Ziu

Boi      Choi    Doi      Goi      Ngoi    Hoi      Joi        Koi      Loi       Moi      Noi      Poi       Soi       Toi       Voi      Zoi

Bou     Chou   Dou     Gou     Ngou   Hou     Jou       Kou     Lou      Mou     Nou     Pou      Sou      Tou      Vou     Zou

Bua      Chua    Dua     Gua     Ngua   Hua     Jua       Kua     Lua      Mua     Nua     Pua      Sua      Tua      Vua     Zua

Buo     Chuo   Duo     Guo     Nguo   Huo     Juo       Kuo     Luo      Muo     Nuo     Puo      Suo      Tuo      Vuo     Zuo

Buu     Chuu   Duu     Guu     Nguu   Huu     Juu       Kuu     Luu      Muu     Nuu     Puu      Suu      Tuu      Vuu     Zuu

Triphthongs: Triphthong ichite khu vowel thum aw-gin (syllable) khat a ging china ahi hi.

Triphthong khenkhatte:

iai        iei        iau       ieu       iou       uai       uoi       uau      uou

Example:

Biai      Chiai    Diai     Giai     Ngiai   Hiai     Jiai       Kiai     Liai      Miai     Niai     Piai      Siai      Tiai      Viai     Ziai

Biei      Chiei    Diei     Giei     Ngiei   Hiei     Jiei       Kiei     Liei      Miei     Niei     Piei      Siei      Tiei      Viei     Ziei

Biau     Chiau   Diau    Giau    Ngiau  Hiau    Jiau      Kiau    Liau     Miau    Niau    Piau     Siau     Tiau     Viau            Ziau

Bieu     Chieu   Dieu    Gieu    Ngieu  Hieu    Jieu      Kieu    Lieu     Mieu    Nieu    Pieu     Sieu     Tieu     Vieu            Zieu

Biou    Chiou  Diou    Giou    Ngiou  Hiou    Jiou      Kiou    Liou     Miou    Niou    Piou     Siou     Tiou     Viou            Ziou

Buai     Chuai   Duai    Guai    Nguai  Huai    Juai      Kuai    Luai     Muai    Nuai    Puai     Suai     Tuai     Vuai            Zuai

Buoi    Chuoi  Duoi    Guoi    Nguoi  Huoi    Juoi      Kuoi    Luoi     Muoi    Nuoi    Puoi     Suoi     Tuoi     Vuoi            Zuoi

Biou    Chiou  Diou    Giou    Ngiou  Hiou    Jiou      Kiou    Liou     Miou    Niou    Piou     Siou     Tiou     Viou            Ziou

Buoi    Chuoi  Duoi    Guoi    Nguoi  Huoi    Juoi      Kuoi    Luoi     Muoi    Nuoi    Puoi     Suoi     Tuoi     Vuoi            Zuoi

Buau    Chuau  Duau   Guau   Nguau Huau   Juau     Kuau   Luau    Muau   Nuau   Puau    Suau    Tuau    Vuau            Zuau

Buou   Chuou Duou   Guou   Nguou Huou   Juou     Kuou   Luou    Muou   Nuou   Puou    Suou    Tuou    Vuou            Zuou

Diphthong IA/IE leh UA/UO: Tami buoina khu Zolai giel zousie buoina ahi hi. Khuongnung accent zangte’n IA leh UA izang ua, Khodai, Haidawi leh Thangkhal accent zangte’n IE leh UO izang uhi. Hilezong, I literature khansem diing deina in ZLS-te’n pan hing la in Zou Lai Siengthou letkhetute’n IE leh UO ang zah chieng un eite’n zong IE leh UO I zangta uhi. Tam pen Zou Literature Society-te sepkhiet chiemte thamching khat ahi hi.

Hilezong dipthong IA zousie IE a hen diing ahi tuom sih a, UA zousie zong UO a hen diing ahi sam sih hi. I hamlawdan (Pronounciation) leh khietna (meaning) dungzui a IA, IE, UA leh UO zah diing ahi hi. English grammar ah zong “Words often misspelled” ana chi hiel ua, eite’n zong “Words often misspelled” honkhat inei uhi. Tuate envai:

Example:

Sia sie a kizua thei hi.

Tamnah: Sia=Iron ahia, Sie=Worn out/broken/useless ahi hi.

Dia=Barren, Unproductive (Aahtui dia); Die=Soak, immerse

Kia= Again; Kie=Fall

Lia=Roll; Lie=Block

Pia=Move; Pie=Give

Sia=Iron; Sie=Worn out/broken/useless

“Lungkhamna sing Cross kei diing a puo a,

Baa in a pua a…”

Tamnah: Puo=Bear/Carry ahia, Pua=Fall down ahi hi.

Hua=Horny; Huo=Hate

Tua=That; Tuo=Join

Vua=Snow; Vuo=Beat

Zua=Sell; Zuo=Father

PASIAN chi igel chieng un exceptional case in Pasian chi’n zang lei igel chieng un i lungsim ang sukha zing diing a, pasien dang dangte tawh khenkhietna khat ahi hi. “P” capital letter banah “ia” zah diing ahi. Christian-te’n zong God leh god chi akhen mama uhi. Tam atung a kipete chilou IA apat IE leh UA apat UO a zah diing ahi hi.

Buoina tawh Kidim “C” Laimal: International level ah “C” pen abana vowel um penpen tawh kituoh in a gingsah uhi. “C” khu “a, o, u leh consonant l” in azui leh “K” danin agingsah ua, “C” khu “e, i leh y” in azui leh “S” danin a gingsah uhi.

Example:

“K” a gingte: Cambodia, Camel, Canada, California, Calcutta, Chicago, Congo, Close, etc.

“S” a gingte: Cisco, Celebrity, Citizen, City, Center, Cyprus, etc.

Zolai igelna a “C” pen “Ch” gindan a I ginsah leh mite’n I lai a sim dih theisih diing ua, eite’n zong mite laigel asim dih sih diing uhi. “Ch” khu leitung pumpia kizang leh kithei laimal ahi hi. Etsn. Chiangmai khu Zou Vontawi “C” zangte a diingin “Ciangmai” chi’n giel lei mite’n “Siangmai” chi’n ang kisimsah diing hi. “Chicago” ah “C” leh “Ch” kilamdanna thei thei ahimai hi. Chicago, Manchester, Chestnut, Chest, Champion, Charlotte, Challenge, etc. Tamna laimal “Ch” zousie “C” tawh heng in sim lei a gindan dihtah aging thei nawn mawngmawng sih hi. Cicago, Mancester, Cesnut, Cest, Campion, Carlotte, Callenge, etc. chite’n khietna aneisih ua, agindan zong adih thei nawnsih hi.

Tuamabangin, “C” pen “Ch” dinmun a zang in “Cingno” chilei mite’n “Singnaw” chi’n ang simsah diing uhi. Cina, ciindan, cidamna, cithu, Bicing, ci-al, ciau, cieng, etc. Tamte pen “C” pen “S” gin a kigingsah ahiziehin Sina, Siindan, Sidamna, Sithu, Bising, Siau, Sieng, etc. chi’a kisim diing ahi hi. Cung, cang, cou, cuan, etc. Tamte pen Kung, Kang, Kou, Kuan, etc. chi’n a kisim diing hi. Tamte pen Pawi leh Mizo lamte laiteng ahideu a, Zomite a diingin “Ch” khu “a, o, leh u” in azui leh “Ch” khu “T” danin aging hi.

Exceptional Case: Unau Kawlgam (Burma) lang a i sanggamte’n “C” azah pen uh Zolai maimai a diing ichi leh exceptional case in zang mai uhen len, hilezong hamdang apat lahsawn (loan words) leh international level a kizang “C” leh “Ch” gin dan zong theisiem lei Zogam I kaan/nuasie chieng un ibuoina uh a tawm deu diing hi.

Zolai a “O, Ou leh Aw” Vai a Buoina: Zolai giel khatin ithei zing diinguh ahileh “O” khu vowel ahia, “Ou” leh “Aw” khu diphthong ahi uhi. Hanglang (Burma) ate'n "O" leh "Aw" maimai azang ua, vowel “O” leh diphthong “Ou” gindan a kibangsah uhi. Sahlang ate'n "O" "Ou" leh "Aw" atuom chiet in azang uhi. Vowel (monothong) ichi chieng in laimal khat maimai amatang a ding thei china ahia, “a e i o u” chite china ahimai hi. Diphthong ichi khu vowel ni kigawm a aw-gin khat bawlkhie china ahia, “aw” leh “ou” zong diphthong ahi uhi. Khatteng in “aw” khu vowel isa ua, adih sih hi. English a Semi vowel khu “w” leh “y” ahia, w=u leh y=i dan a kizang ahizieh in “aw” zong “au” “u” kimkhat dana kizang ahizieh in vowel hilou in diphthong ahizaw hi.

"O" zahnate:

Bot=uproot, got=endow, Hot=Stir, Khopi=city, kop=pair/together, lom=bundle, tom=short, vot=cold, etc.

"Ou" zahnate:

Dou=attack, gou=slaughter, Hou=plough, kou=we, lou=field, mou=sister-in-law, nou=you, pou=grow, sou=boiling, tou=sit, etc.

"Aw" zahnate:

Bawng=Cow, Dawng=Answer, Gawng=Skinny/Thin, Kawm=borrow/lend, Lawm=Friend, Maw=Foolish, Mawl=savage/uncivilize, etc.

Awgin (Syllable): Awgin ichi chieng in thuteng khat ahiei, khatsang a tamzaw kizopmat a thumal khat asiemna ua awgin kipawlte china ahi hi. Zokam ah awgin khu khat apat thum tan kigelmat leh a simnuom a, lekhietna ah awgin li apat a tunglamte khu kihalsah dan – khietna dang tawh kituoh diing in sui thei lei ahoi diing hi.

Awgin khat (momosyllable): Zolai ah tahsa tung a bamengte leh innvan-louvan, mun-le-muol, sa-le-nga minte khu awgin khat ahi taangpi a, gelmat diing ahi hi. Tualeh, awgin khat a ging adang zong tampi aum veve hi. Tuate en vai:

Ba        bang    bah      bai       bal       ban      bat

Be        beng    beh      bei       bel       bem     bet

Bi        bing     bil        bii        bit

Bo       bong    boh      bil        bol       bot       bom     bon      bot       bou

Bu       bung    buh      bui       bul       bum     bun      but

Baw     bawng bawl    bawt    bawm  bawn

Tambang in A Aw B Ch … chidan in bawl suhsuh lechin kichieng diing hi.

Awgin ni (disyllable): Zolai ah be min, kho min leh sa leh nga min tamzaw khu awgin ni ahia, gelmat diing ahi hi. Zou khanggui apat kipante’n be min leh kho min in awgin ni ana zang taangpi ua, khanglui lai a Zou be min leh kho minte khu ni ahi taangpi hi.

Example:

1.      Dopmul, Innpi, Lienzaw, Manlun, Naulah, Phiemphu, Samte, Taithul, etc.

2.      Khampat, Khuongnung, Baljang, Thangkhal, Haidawi, Tonjang, Khodai, etc.

Tualeh, awgin ni a ging zong tampi aum veve hi. Tuate en vai:

A: Aw-gin, awhlum, awlsam, awltat, awmna, awngvang, awngvang, awpkai, awsie,

B: Beelpi, bilpi, bulpi, buphai, butang, buvui

Ch: Chiengkang, chiengkhut, chillum, Chingnou, Chingpi                

D: Daidap, dangtaah, dawngtu, dingdeng, dipkuo, dohna, dongtu, dungsun, duongjen, duongvul

E: Enhuoi, enla, enton, ette   

G: Gammaang, gammang, gatang, genthei, gilou, ginglou, gingta, gingtu, gotuoi, guohtang, guotui, guuhgol

Ng: Ngaina, ngainou, ngaltang, ngoumei

H: Halia, hamsa, hangsan, hanha, hatzaw, hausa, hawhlam, heiga, haikeeh , heitah, heitang, hingthei, husam, huasan, huipi  

K: Kaikuong, kalbi, kelkot, kellei, ketot, khangsawn, khangthu, khaugui, khelna, khinleng, khinpi, khomuol, khopi, khosung, khota, khuoimu, kielpi, kipi, kosa   

L: Lapi, laibu, lengthe, luipi, luita, lukhu, lunggim, lungleeng, lungsim, lungtang, lungthu, lupna  

M: Maipuong, malta, malzin, manghil, mangthang, manlang, mei-am, meisel                 

N: Naahkuo, namsau, nangma, natang, nunnem

O: Opkhum, ole          

P: Pasian, patau, patawi, patong, phalbi, phuba, piching, pilkhel, pumpi (Canon)              

S: Saltaang, samsi, sawmsiel, sietmit, sumkuong, sumtang, sungkho, sunkim                    

T: Talpang, talteng, tangkhat, tangkou, theikhiel, theisah, theisiem, thelthang, touna

V: Vachieng, vakhu, vanleng, vantung, vanzah, vaphuol      

Z: Zaila, zakhat, zankim, zawngku, ze-awl, zilling

Awgin thum (trisyllable): Zolai ah mihing minte awgin thum ahideu taangpi hi. Tuate khu khietna nei ahizieh in akhietna dungzui a gel diing ahi hi. Syllable khat in khietna khat anei thei a, syllable ni in khietna khat a neithei a, syllable thum in zong khietna khat anei thei hi.

Min geldan ah kisaithei tahtah aum sih a, hilezong keima ngaidan in minlahna/mintapna pen thumal khat, minphuohna pen thumal khat leh be min pen thumal khat hileh min thum in a peithei diing hi. E.g. Khai Minthang Samte chilei Khaiminthang Samte ahiei Khai Min Thang Sam Te chi dendun sang in a khietna a kichienzaw thamtham hi. Tulai chieng in English min  i thangsah ua, athudan in kei min diing in Abraham hitaleh syllable khat ah thuguol khat hisahna diing in “Ab Ba Ra Ham Khai Min Thang Sam Te” chi dendun pen adih theilou guoh hilou in a kilawmlou ahita hi. Leitung khantou dungzui in min-le-puom leh ham-le-pau a suithei nawnlou diing Zou mite lah a tampi aum taah zieh in I phung min (family name) uh giel thei talei ahoi diing hi. Heitah heitah tung in, bang ham bang pau zang in, bang tawndan bang khandan zang talei zong imin tawpna beeh tawh tuzou kum 100 chieng a ang kisui theina diing in i be minte uh tua kipan in zangthei lei ahoi diing hi.

Zolai ah awgin thum khu mabel (prefix), nuabel (suffix) leh nasepdan (adverb) leh genchientu (adjective) apat mutheilou silmin (abstract noun) suohsahna in a kizang hi. Laimal khat hammal khat apat hammal dangte ang suoh theina diing in mabel leh nuabel kizang a, awgin thum ang suoh thei jel uhi.

·         Laimal tahtah: Deisah, theisiem, muda,

·         Mabel tawh: Ki+deisah=kideisah, ki+theisiem=kitheisiem, ki+muda=kimuda, etc.

·         Nuabel tawh: Deisah+na=deisahna, theisiem+na=theisiemna, muda+na=mudana, etc.

Awgin li (polysyllable): Zolai ah awgin li leh atamzaw khu mabel (prefix), nuabel (suffix) leh nasepdan (adverb) leh genchientu (adjective) apat mutheilou silmin (abstract noun) suohsahna in a kizang hi.

Example:

1.      Mabel ‘Ki’ tawh nuabel ‘na’ kigawmkhawm in laimal meel-le-puom a heng lamdang hi: Ki+deisah+na=Kideisahna, ki+theisiem+na=kitheisiemna, ki+muda+na=kimudana, etc.

N.B.

1. Mabel leh nuabel khu a laimal tawh gelmat gige diing ahi hi.

2. Mabel ah vowel ni ang kizom chieng in diphthong gin in a kiging sah thei ahiman in Ki+vowel leh semi-vowel khat phot ah gitphei khat koi lei asim nuompen hi. Example: Ki-iit, ki-uongsah, ki-en, ki-aatkha, ki-uhna, etc. 

3. Mabel ‘Ki’ khu consonant in azui leh gelmat diing ah hi.

4. Nuabel khu a laimal tahtah pen tawh gelmat zing diing ahi hi.

5. Thumal ‘ng’ a tawpte khu nuabel ‘na’ ibel chieng ‘ng’ khu hing tonmang (decline)  ‘n’ ang suoh hi. Tam pen simmun tuom ah hoitah in en nalai vai.

Awgin (Tone):

Zou ham iham chieng un asang, angiem, asau, atom leh akawi inei ua, hilezong igel chieng un kilamdanna bangma ineisah sih uhi. Tamite cheptena ineilou zieh un khatveiteng in ilaigelte sim hamsa asuoh a, laisiem leh laigelmi khenkhat in tuabangte khenkhetna diing in laimal thuoni leh laijem tuomtuomte zang in igel jel uhi.

Geldan ngaina a gel khu a noppen leh a awlsampen ahi hi. Zou laitengte uh khu English laiteng tawh ki unau Roman laitengte apat hing piengkhie ahizieh in i hampha tungtuong uhi. Aziehpen, siatawlai, computer leh printing press tuomtuomte ah bangma buoina neilou in a khawlha (keyboard) izang thei uhi.

I literature khantou dungzui in asau gin diing in double vowel (diphthong) i zangta ua, laigeldan themkhat hing khangtou zodeu leh buoihuoi zodeu (more complicate) ang bangta hi. 1990s apat in laimal ginaloute (Irrigular spellings) - q, x, w leh y khu Zolai ah um sih lezong w leh y khu semi-vowel dan a zang pawl i umta ua, consonant tawpna ginaloute (Irrigular consonant endings) - b, ch, d, f, g, j, r, v leh z thumal tawpna a zang pawl zong i umta uhi. Khantouna khat bang sim nanleh tambang a khantouna in simtheilou khop diing a geltheina ang pie a, buoihuoina (Complication) ang tun veve hi.

Ngaisutna: Zolai ah asau leh akawi chilou a dangteng pan simkhel talaw diing aum sih hi. Tuazieh in, ahithei leh, Zolai gelna ah asaute khu double vowel kizang henlen, akawite khu a vowel tung ah '^' innku (^ = circumflex) kizang leh simkhel aum diing in ka gingta sih hi. Asau a kawi nalai zong um ahizieh in tuate tung ah single circumflex kizang leh ahoi a, a simnop pen diing hi. Tuazieh in vowel zahdan ah Workshop hoitah khat sai diing in ahoi diing hi. Tami lai ka gelna ah zong asau gin leh akawi ginte khu double vowel kazang nalai hi.

Example:

A E I O U = Â Ê Î Ô Û

a e i o u = â ê î ô û

Laiteng gol A leh Â: Ai = celebration of victory; Âi = Crab

Laiteng meng a leh â: Tang = Straight; Tâng = Get. Taang = Mountain; Tâang = Substitute

Laiteng gol E leh Ê: Eng = Green; Êng = Envy

Laiteng meng e leh ê: Keng = Bring; Kêng = Leg

Laiteng gol I leh Î: Ing = Yes; Ît = Love

Laiteng meng i leh î: Ding = Stand; Dîng = For, will

Laiteng gol O leh O: Op = Incubate; Ôpkai = confusing (Tam pen 'aw' zong aum zieh in kihazah lou in, Awpkai zong kichi thei)

Laiteng meng o leh ô: Suong = Paste, trust (to be strong); Suông = Stone

Laiteng gol U leh Û: Um = Present; Ût = willing

Laiteng meng u leh û: Sun (Sut) = Pierce, stab; Sût = loose,

Semi-Vowel:

Laiteng gol Aw leh Âw: Awm = Chest; Âwng=vacant

Laiteng meng aw leh âw: Zawl = Appease; Zâwl = Oval

N.B.: 'Ng' khu i sim chieng a 'eng' chia kisim ahizieh in semi-vowel dan a ngaisut ahiman in amai a 'e' umsa a ngaisut ahia, vowel dang ang zui chieng in gitphei (dash) tawh khenkhiet diing ahi hi. (E.g. Ki-ngaisut) semi-vowel dan a agin vang in vowel tawh peikhawm lou in thumal a siem thei tuom sih hi. Khatvei teng in consonant cluster zah in zong a kizang thei kawikawi hi. 

- ( April 29, 2017 ) -