Ham khat phot in agindan (tone), alawdan (syllable), lomkawmdan (grouping) leh aginlawmdan (harmony) anei chiet hi. Leitung pumpia kithei pen leh a minthang pen English in zong tone, syllable, grouping leh harmony anei hi. Tualeh, vocabulary thu ah zong English in thumal kibang tampi anei a, azahna leh ahina tawh a kigeldan a thei mai dîng pawl zong aum hi. English vocabulary ah “Box” kichi pen Noun ah “Singkuong” ahia, verb ah “Tum/Shuthop” china ahi hi. Tuamabang in, eite’n zong thumal khat in agen tampi nei aum hi chi thei lei ahoi dîng hi. A thumal geldan isiem leh theithei pai zong aum a, a thumal a ki-theiloute khu a thuguol tawh I et a thei thei dîng pawl zong aum hi. Tuazieh-in, thumal kang tahlat zousie a ki-tuohpi (Corresponding) English thumal khat tawh hilchien dîng hîng kithawi kahisih a, a tone leh thumal lomkhawmdan ah themkhat ka ngaidan hing kum vang chia hing kithawi kahizaw hi.
Zou ham pen iham chieng un a kichien vagua a, igel thaw chieng un khatvei teng abuoi thei valuoi hi. I gel chieng a I buoina pen “Vowel” sung maimai ahi hi. Vowel kichi pen koipou buoina ahimai dîng in gingta ing. English ah Vowel chite pen “a,e,i,o,u” tamteng ahia, Nam dang leh gamdang te’n a kihawmthaw hi. Zou tate a dîng in Vowel “a, aw, e, i, o, u” chite ahi hi. Tammi Vowel a laimal zousie hoitah a Zouham tawh kituoh a iginsah thei chieng un Zou ham geldan ang nuomta dîng a, sim zong ang simnop ma mata dîng hi.
Ding = Stand
Dîng = For/Will be
Tang = Seed/Get
Tâng = Behalf
Tang = Straight
Taang = Mountain
Nei = Possess
Nuoi = Under/Beneath
Chîm = Bore
Chim = Ruin
Chiim = Clear
Sieng = Clean
Thang = Famous
Thâng = Trap
Thaang = Scattered
Tualeh, laimal tom a igel chiengin ’ tami sign zang lei ahoi de aw kachi hi. Etsahna dîng in:
Dîng in : Di’n
Kei in : Ke’n
Keima in : Keima’n
Laimal ‘n’ a tawpte zaw chie’ng tam ’ pen zahlou hileh ahoi dîng hi. Etsahna di’n: Pasian in chi pen Pasian’n chimai thei lou ahi hi. Tualeh, noun nua a ‘in’ chi ang um leh a noun tawh kimat in kigiel sih leh ahoi dîng hi. Amabou atom lam a gelthei leh a syllable tawh etkawm in atom a gelthei sil leh kilawm ahileh giel va ui. Etsahna’n: Pasianin chi sa’ng “Pasian in” chi zawlei a chieng zaw dîng abang hi. Khai Minthangin chilei a syllable tawh kituoh in lou dîng chilei Khai Min Tha Ngin or Khai Min Than Gin chi a zong hîng ging thei ahijiehin adih sih hi. Exceptional case vang a umthei dîng: Lalpu in chi sangin “Lalpu’n” chi lei ahoi kia leuleu dîng hi. Hilezong “Maman’n” chi sangin “Maman in” chilei a chieng pai hi.
Z leh J thu ah buoina umsih hen ichi leh Z maimai kizang leh ahoi mai di'n ngaituo ing. Aziehpen, “O” leh “AW” hard leh soft breathing nei ihi chieng in. “J” zahna dîng I ngaituo nate ah “Z+aw (Soft breathing)” pen kizang leh a kichieng mai dîng hi. Tam aney a etsahnate en vai:
Zol : Smooth/Greasy
Zawl : Appease/Console
Zâwl : Oval
Tualeh, full sentence zahdan leh phrase zahdan zong siem vai. Simple Sentence igel chieng in igel dih chiet ua, hilezong Compound or Complex sentences igel chieng un I gam mng paipai ua, atawpna tung nailou in “Full Stop” pou izang mun mama uhi. Zou lai igel chieng un “a” “ua” “ahia” chia thuguol (Sentence) tawp umlou ahi. Tambangte ing tun chieng un Compound or Complex sentences giel ihi chi ithei dîng uh ahia, Comma (,) ahiei Semi-colon (;) azahdan isiem uh angai hi. English a Consonants zang ihita ua, pilvan ngai ahi hi. “leh” “hilezong” chite zahsiem angai hi.
Hinanlezong/Hilezong chite a Paragraph tha ing pat chieng un I thugel mumal umlou ahita hi. Hilezong chipen “But” “Whereas” chite tawh kibang ahiziehin a masang a thugui pen tawh ang peikhawm tei tei dîng ahi. The present sectence versus the proceeding sentence china ahi hi. I tugel masah pen leh tua igel pen tekaah ihia, paragraph a pat him him lou dîng ahi.
Paragraph patna dîngin “Tualeh” = Besides, Therefore, Moreover, Furthermore, etc. chite a ki-zang hi.
Tambang in zang thei chiet lei I laigeldan ang kituoh thei diei mah china leh Zou Lai (Zou Literature) khantouna’ng a ka ngaituona hing sûng kahi hi.