ZOLAI GELDAN LEH ZAHDAN

Khai Minthang Samte

Atlanta, GA

(Tami laigel khu book project a ka nei ahia, hunkhat chieng a laibu a hing suoh diing a bawl ahi hi)

Zou laimal I Chi: Zolai pen Roman laimal apat kiletkhie ahizieh in “a, aw, b, ch, d, e…” chi’a isim dana kizang ahia, English te laimal “a, b, c, …” dana isim dana kizang ahisih hi. Tuazieh in, English-te’n I laimal asim chieng un “Nang” khu “Neng” “Hang” khu “Heng” dan in asim ua, adih tuon sih hi. Tampen English leh Roman script lawdan (Pronunciation) kibahlou zieh ahi hi. Roman script laimal bulphu a laiteng nei zousie’n Zolai dihtah in asim thei ua, English laimal bulphu a laiteng nei zousie’n Zolai dihtah in asim theisih uhi. Tuathamlou in, Zolai dihtah a na khangkhe loute’n ii leh ee athei khen thei sih uhi. E.g. cheang=chieng, deae=diei, dumdum maw?=damdam maw?, etc.

Laimal Khanna: Khanglui lai in Zokam ah “F” leh “R” inei sih uhi. Hilezong hun-le-nite hing pei zeel in tuni chieng in “F” leh “R” ing zangta ua, tu masang deu mama in “Q, W, X, Y” ing zang pien-pienta uhi.  “F” leh “R” khu “Ph” leh “L” tuoh in ina gingsah ua, hilezong a gindan dihtah a ang ginthei tahtah lou chieng in “F” leh “R” khu kammal tahtah ang hita hi. Hilezong, “Q, W, X, Y” chite khu a kituohpi “K, U, S, I” ahia, zahpawlna diing a poimawna aum tahtah nai sih hi. Hilezong, ham dangte zahdan i copy ahiei, silminte a tuabang a kizah leh a kizah bang bang a izah uh angai veve hi.

Vowels:

a          e          i           o          u

Semi vowels:

aw       ng

Consonants:

b          ch        d          f           g         

h          j           k          l           m        

n          p          r           s           t          

v          z

Consonant Clusters: Consonant cluster kichite khu consonant laimal ni kigawm china ahi hi. Unau Mizote’n consonant cluster ahau dieh ua, tuaban ah unau Thadoute’n azui uhi. Hilezong Zokam ah consonant cluster nga maimai inei uhi. “Ng” leh “Ch” khu adihtah in consonant cluster ahi ua, hilezong Zolai ah alphabet in izang uhi. Consonant cluster-te en vai:

Kh       Lh        Ph        Sh        Th       

Khup: Khup in kha a khel ngai sih

Lha: Lha. Tami consonant cluster khu Zokam zang chiet hilei zong a kaidan (accent) in a kikhen a, “Lh” zang pawl leh “H” zang pawl ium uhi.

Example: Lhagau=Hagau, Lhapi=Hapi, Lha=Ha, Lhitui=Hitui

Phung: Phiemphu Phungpi. Tami consonant cluster khu Zokam dihtah ahia, English leh i unau Zokam “R” zangte a i zahpi chieng un “F” izang ua, tuapen “Ph” tawh kibahsah lou diing ahi. E.g. Fel=Taima khu tulai chieng in taima leh fel a kizang tuohta hi.  English kammal ah “Ph” zousie “F” in a gingsah uhi.

Shi: Shina khu koima’n a pelthei sih hi. Nidanglai in s leh sh khenkhe sese lou in ina zangkop ua, tulai chieng in sh khu ing hazah simta uhi. Ahivang in sh khu shi a diing a deituomteel bang in izang uhi. Shang, shen, shing, shieng, shou, etc. chite vang kizang tuomlou hi.

Thang: Thanghou leh Liendou in miimtang-taangtang ana phalhawm uhi.

'Ng' Laimal tawh kisai: 'Ng' khu i genthaw ching in a khietna leh laimal ah hoitah in i genthei a, hilezong i leh gel chieng in a buoihuoi gige hi. Aziehpen, 'Ng' khu consonant cluster ahiban ah, semi-vowel zah a kizang gige ahi hi. Consonant cluster laimalte khu mai leh anua a vowel in azui leh tuate tawh simkhop thei zing ahi hi. E.g. Kingaisun, Bangin, etc. (Tam pen ‘king aisun’ chia zong simkhel thei ahia, ‘ban gin’ leh ‘ba ngin’ chia zong simkhel thei ahi hi. Tuazieh in, 'ng' tawh thumal peikhawmte igel chieng in pilvan ahuoi mama hi. 'Ng' khu mabel 'ki' tawh ang peikhawm leh gitphei tawh theh diing ahia, 'ng' nua a vowel in azui leh kaalhal (space) bawl diing ahi hi. E.g. Ki-ngaisun, Bang in, etc. in, un, ua, a, etc. chite khu compound sentence zomtu 'ahia' ahilou ngal leh amasang a thumalte tawh gelmat lou diing ahi hi.

Ngaisiem: Ngaisiem thei mama ing. Tamtah a consonant cluster abah vang in mabel ‘Ki’ koi leh – ‘Kingaisiem’ ahia, consonant cluster gindan sang in semi-vowel dinmun – ‘Kin gai siem’ chia zong simkhel thei ahizieh in vowel dangte ma bang in mabel ‘ki’ leh ‘ngaisiem’ kikaal ah gitphei koi akul hi.

Consonant Endings: Zokam ah consonant a tawp laimal atam sih hi. Vowel – a, e, i, o, u; semi-vowel aw, ng; leh consonant h, k, l, m, n, p, t in atawp uhi. Consonant laimal tawpna a zahlou diingte ahileh b, ch, d, f, g, j, r, v, z ahi uhi. Hilezong, tulai chieng in consonant laimal ‘r’ khu i tamzahta ua, laimal patna leh tawpna in i zangta uhi. Example: Fuh, Phur, etc.

Consonant endings b, ch, d, f, g, j, r, v leh z a tawpsah lou diing in a kituohpi ahiei a kinaipi penpen a tawpsah diing ahi hi. b=p, ch=umlou, d=t, f=p (Ginalou), g=k, j=s (ginalou), r=l (Tulai kizang tam simta), v=u, leh z=s (Ginalou).

Consonant ‘R’ & ‘F’ Groups: I Zou mipi ‘R’ & ‘F’ group te’n Ch, Chh, Hl, Hm, Hn, Ph, Th, Thl, Thr, etc. chi’n azang uhi. Tami group ate ‘Ch’ pen ‘a, o, ou, aw’ in ang zui leh ‘T’ in i gingsah taangpi ua, ‘i’ leh ‘e’ in ang zui leh Zolai zahdan a kibang taangpi hi. ‘Chh’ khu ‘S/Sh’ in i gingsah ua, kammal ‘R’ a kipante khu a khietna atuom sih leh ‘G’ in i gingsah ua, ‘R’ a tawpte khu a khietna atuom sih leh ‘L’ ikoi uhi. ‘F’ khu consonant cluster-te gindan in i gingsah uhi.  Fak=phat, Buhfai=Buphai, Fate=Tate,

Consonant Suffix ‘H’ & ‘K’ Groups: Zolai gelna ah consonant cluster leh glottal stop ‘K’ in thumal a tawp ngai sih a, a khaupen nasal stop ‘H’ in atawp hi. I Zolai khu unau Paite-Tedim kammal zangte’n amau awkai tawh kituoh diing in laimal vowel/monothong a tawpte banah nasal stop ‘H’ azang ua, Zolai laimal nasal stop ‘H’ a tawpte ah glottal stop ‘K’ ang koi ua, Zolai consonant ‘L’ a tawpte ah consonant cluster ‘LH’ akoi uhi. Tuate envai:

Consonant Cluster sufix: Gel=Gelh, Hil=Hilh, Khel=Khelh, etc.

Nasal stops: Bu=Buh  Mawna=Mawhna, Pe=Peh, Te=Teh, etc.

Glottal stops: Buh=Buk, Lah=Lak, Suh=Suk, Suhsah=Suksak, Theisah=Theihsak, etc.

Tumasang lai deu pawlkhat in consonant cluster ‘ngh’ ang uongzahta uhi. Hilezong, Zolai gelna ah consonant cluster a laimal a tawp lou mabang in ‘ngh’ in atawp ngai sih hi.

Laimal ‘a, in, un, ah, uh, pen, khu’ te igel chieng a ahithei tan a tuomgel diing in ahoi hi. Tamte khu a kizahna dungzui in auxilary verb, adjective, noun, pronoun ahi uhi. Ahivang in 'a' khu prefix masang a aum lou a, verb, adverb leh adjective a diing a preposition dan a i zah leh gelmat diing ahia, Verb, Adverb, Adjective leh Noun a diing a post position a i zah leh kaalhal diing ahi hi. E.g. Silkhat ibawl leh ahoitheipen a bawl diing ahi hi.

Monothongs (Vowels): Vowel ichite khu amatang a gindan neitah a dingtheite china ahi hi. Laimal dangte tawh pangkhawm sese lou in amau maimai in zong a ding thei ua, consonant laimal khat masang-nuasang ahiei, consonant cluster ahiei, consonant ni kikaal ah aum taangpi uhi. Vowel khat in amatang ahiei, consonant tawh ahiei kituo in aw-gin (syllable) khat a bawlkhie hi. Vowel khat sang a tamzaw ang kithuo ua, consonant tawh ang kihal chieng in thumal khu syllable khat sang a tamzaw ang suoh pai hi.

a          e          i           o          u

Example: Aw-gin (Syllable) khat envai:

Ba        Cha      Da       Ga       Nga     Ha       Ja         Ka       La        Ma       Na       Pa        Sa        Ta        Va       Za

Be        Che      De       Ge       Nge     He       Je         Ke       Le        Me       Ne       Pe        Se        Te        Ve       Ze

Bi        Chi      Di        Gi        Ngi      Hi        Ji          Ki        Li         Mi        Ni        Pi         Si         Ti         Vi        Zi

Bo       Cho     Do       Go       Ngo     Ho       Jo         Ko       Lo        Mo       No       Po        So        To        Vo       Zo

Bu       Chu     Du       Gu       Ngo     Hu       Ju         Ku       Lu        Mu       Nu       Pu        Su        Tu        Vu       Zu

Aw-gin khat sang a tamzaw:

Pa=Aw-gin khat, Papi=Aw-gin ni, Nipini=Aw-gin thum,

Diphthongs: Diphthong ichite khu vowel ni aw-gin (syllable) khat a ging china ahi hi. Diphthong khu laimal dangte tawh pangkhawm sese lou in amau maimai in zong a ding thei ua, consonant laimal khat masang-nuasang ahiei, consonant cluster ahiei, consonant ni kikaal ah aum taangpi uhi. Diphthong khat in amatang ahiei, consonant tawh ahiei kituo in aw-gin (syllable) khat a bawlkhie hi. Diphthong khat sang a tamzaw ang kithuo ua, consonant tawh ang kihal chieng in thumal khu syllable khat sang a tamzaw ang suoh pai hi.

Diphthong izah chieng a theisiem mama diing khat ahileh dipthong dana kizangkhawm ahivanga aw-gin ni a ging veve aum hi. Tamte khu hyphen tawh gelkhawm diing ahi hi. E.g. Si-al=Fox, Du-am=Greedy, Kho-ul=sweat, etc. “Sial” leh “Duam” chia igel leh a khietna tuompi nei ahizieh in hyphen tawh gelkhawm diing ahi hi.

Tualeh, consonant zieh in zong kammal khat khietna ni asuoh thei a, tuate zong gelmat lou diing ahi hi. I gelmat sawm lezong gitphei (hyphen) beeh tawh khenkhiet ngei ngei diing ahi hi. Example: “Leel aw Leel aw”  chi leh “Leel-aw Leel-aw” leh “Lee law Lee law” “Lee-law Lee-law” chilei a kibang nawnsih hi. Thumal tampi tambang umthei diing aum hi.

Dipthong khenkhatte:

aa         ai         au        aw       awi      ee         ei         eu        ia         ie         ii          io         iaw      iu         oi         ou            ua        uo

Example:        

Baa      Chaa    Daa      Gaa      Ngaa    Haa      Jaa       Kaa      Laa      Maa     Naa      Paa      Saa      Taa      Vaa      Zaa

Bai       Chai     Dai      Gai      Ngai    Hai      Jai        Kai      Lai       Mai      Nai      Pai       Sai       Tai       Vai      Zai

Bau      Chau    Dau     Gau     Ngau   Hau     Jau       Kau     Lau      Mau     Nau     Pau      Sau      Tau      Vau     Zau

Baw     Chaw   Daw    Gaw    Ngaw  Haw    Jaw      Kaw    Law     Maw    Naw    Paw     Saw     Taw     Vaw            Zaw

Bawi    Chawi  Dawi   Gawi   Ngawi Hawi   Jawi     Kawi   Lawi    Mawi   Nawi   Pawi    Sawi    Tawi    Vawi            Zawi

Bei       Chei     Dei      Gei      Ngei    Hei      Jei        Kei      Lei       Mei      Nei      Pei       Sei       Tei       Vei      Zei

Bee      Chee    Dee      Gee      Ngee    Hee      Jee       Kee      Lee      Mee     Nee      Pee      See      Tee      Vee      Zee

Beu      Chei     Deu     Geu     Ngeu   Heu     Jeu       Keu     Leu      Meu     Neu     Peu      Seu      Teu      Veu     Zeu

Bia       Chia     Dia      Gia      Ngeu   Hia      Jia        Kia      Lia       Mia      Nia      Pia       Sia       Tia       Via      Zia

Bie       Chie     Die      Gie      Ngie    Hie      Jie        Kie      Lie       Mie      Nie      Pie       Sie       Tie       Vie      Zie

Bii       Chii     Dii       Gii       Ngii     Hii       Jii         Kii       Lii        Mii       Nii       Pii        Sii        Tii        Vii       Zii

Bio      Chio    Dio      Gio      Ngio    Hio      Jio        Kio      Lio       Mio      Nio      Pio       Sio       Tio       Vio      Zio

Biaw    Chiaw  Diaw   Giaw   Ngiaw Hiaw   Jiaw     Kiaw   Liaw    Miaw   Niaw   Piaw    Siaw    Tiaw    Viaw            Ziaw

Biu      Chiu    Diu      Giu      Ngiu    Hiu      Jiu        Kiu      Liu       Miu      Niu      Piu       Siu       Tiu       Viu      Ziu

Boi      Choi    Doi      Goi      Ngoi    Hoi      Joi        Koi      Loi       Moi      Noi      Poi       Soi       Toi       Voi      Zoi

Bou     Chou   Dou     Gou     Ngou   Hou     Jou       Kou     Lou      Mou     Nou     Pou      Sou      Tou      Vou     Zou

Bua      Chua    Dua     Gua     Ngua   Hua     Jua       Kua     Lua      Mua     Nua     Pua      Sua      Tua      Vua     Zua

Buo     Chuo   Duo     Guo     Nguo   Huo     Juo       Kuo     Luo      Muo     Nuo     Puo      Suo      Tuo      Vuo     Zuo

Buu     Chuu   Duu     Guu     Nguu   Huu     Juu       Kuu     Luu      Muu     Nuu     Puu      Suu      Tuu      Vuu     Zuu

Triphthongs: Triphthong ichite khu vowel thum aw-gin (syllable) khat a ging china ahi hi.

Triphthong khenkhatte:

iai        iei        iau       ieu       iou       uai       uoi       uau      uou

Example:

Biai      Chiai    Diai     Giai     Ngiai   Hiai     Jiai       Kiai     Liai      Miai     Niai     Piai      Siai      Tiai      Viai     Ziai

Biei      Chiei    Diei     Giei     Ngiei   Hiei     Jiei       Kiei     Liei      Miei     Niei     Piei      Siei      Tiei      Viei     Ziei

Biau     Chiau   Diau    Giau    Ngiau  Hiau    Jiau      Kiau    Liau     Miau    Niau    Piau     Siau     Tiau     Viau            Ziau

Bieu     Chieu   Dieu    Gieu    Ngieu  Hieu    Jieu      Kieu    Lieu     Mieu    Nieu    Pieu     Sieu     Tieu     Vieu            Zieu

Biou    Chiou  Diou    Giou    Ngiou  Hiou    Jiou      Kiou    Liou     Miou    Niou    Piou     Siou     Tiou     Viou            Ziou

Buai     Chuai   Duai    Guai    Nguai  Huai    Juai      Kuai    Luai     Muai    Nuai    Puai     Suai     Tuai     Vuai            Zuai

Buoi    Chuoi  Duoi    Guoi    Nguoi  Huoi    Juoi      Kuoi    Luoi     Muoi    Nuoi    Puoi     Suoi     Tuoi     Vuoi            Zuoi

Biou    Chiou  Diou    Giou    Ngiou  Hiou    Jiou      Kiou    Liou     Miou    Niou    Piou     Siou     Tiou     Viou            Ziou

Buoi    Chuoi  Duoi    Guoi    Nguoi  Huoi    Juoi      Kuoi    Luoi     Muoi    Nuoi    Puoi     Suoi     Tuoi     Vuoi            Zuoi

Buau    Chuau  Duau   Guau   Nguau Huau   Juau     Kuau   Luau    Muau   Nuau   Puau    Suau    Tuau    Vuau            Zuau

Buou   Chuou Duou   Guou   Nguou Huou   Juou     Kuou   Luou    Muou   Nuou   Puou    Suou    Tuou    Vuou            Zuou

Diphthong IA/IE leh UA/UO: Tami buoina khu Zolai giel zousie buoina ahi hi. Khuongnung accent zangte’n IA leh UA izang ua, Khodai, Haidawi leh Thangkhal accent zangte’n IE leh UO izang uhi. Hilezong, I literature khansem diing deina in ZLS-te’n pan hing la in Zou Lai Siengthou letkhetute’n IE leh UO ang zah chieng un eite’n zong IE leh UO I zangta uhi. Tam pen Zou Literature Society-te sepkhiet chiemte thamching khat ahi hi.

Hilezong dipthong IA zousie IE a hen diing ahi tuom sih a, UA zousie zong UO a hen diing ahi sam sih hi. I hamlawdan (Pronounciation) leh khietna (meaning) dungzui a IA, IE, UA leh UO zah diing ahi hi. English grammar ah zong “Words often misspelled” ana chi hiel ua, eite’n zong “Words often misspelled” honkhat inei uhi. Tuate envai:

Example:

Sia sie a kizua thei hi.

Tamnah: Sia=Iron ahia, Sie=Worn out/broken/useless ahi hi.

Dia=Barren, Unproductive (Aahtui dia); Die=Soak, immerse

Kia= Again; Kie=Fall

Lia=Roll; Lie=Block

Pia=Move; Pie=Give

Sia=Iron; Sie=Worn out/broken/useless

“Lungkhamna sing Cross kei diing a puo a,

Baa in a pua a…”

Tamnah: Puo=Bear/Carry ahia, Pua=Fall down ahi hi.

Hua=Horny; Huo=Hate

Tua=That; Tuo=Join

Vua=Snow; Vuo=Beat

Zua=Sell; Zuo=Father

PASIAN chi igel chieng un exceptional case in Pasian chi’n zang lei igel chieng un i lungsim ang sukha zing diing a, pasien dang dangte tawh khenkhietna khat ahi hi. “P” capital letter banah “ia” zah diing ahi. Christian-te’n zong God leh god chi akhen mama uhi. Tam atung a kipete chilou IA apat IE leh UA apat UO a zah diing ahi hi.

Buoina tawh Kidim “C” Laimal: International level ah “C” pen abana vowel um penpen tawh kituoh in a gingsah uhi. “C” khu “a, o, u leh consonant l” in azui leh “K” danin agingsah ua, “C” khu “e, i leh y” in azui leh “S” danin a gingsah uhi.

Example:

“K” a gingte: Cambodia, Camel, Canada, California, Calcutta, Chicago, Congo, Close, etc.

“S” a gingte: Cisco, Celebrity, Citizen, City, Center, Cyprus, etc.

Zolai igelna a “C” pen “Ch” gindan a I ginsah leh mite’n I lai a sim dih theisih diing ua, eite’n zong mite laigel asim dih sih diing uhi. “Ch” khu leitung pumpia kizang leh kithei laimal ahi hi. Etsn. Chiangmai khu Zou Vontawi “C” zangte a diingin “Ciangmai” chi’n giel lei mite’n “Siangmai” chi’n ang kisimsah diing hi. “Chicago” ah “C” leh “Ch” kilamdanna thei thei ahimai hi. Chicago, Manchester, Chestnut, Chest, Champion, Charlotte, Challenge, etc. Tamna laimal “Ch” zousie “C” tawh heng in sim lei a gindan dihtah aging thei nawn mawngmawng sih hi. Cicago, Mancester, Cesnut, Cest, Campion, Carlotte, Callenge, etc. chite’n khietna aneisih ua, agindan zong adih thei nawnsih hi.

Tuamabangin, “C” pen “Ch” dinmun a zang in “Cingno” chilei mite’n “Singnaw” chi’n ang simsah diing uhi. Cina, ciindan, cidamna, cithu, Bicing, ci-al, ciau, cieng, etc. Tamte pen “C” pen “S” gin a kigingsah ahiziehin Sina, Siindan, Sidamna, Sithu, Bising, Siau, Sieng, etc. chi’a kisim diing ahi hi. Cung, cang, cou, cuan, etc. Tamte pen Kung, Kang, Kou, Kuan, etc. chi’n a kisim diing hi. Tamte pen Pawi leh Mizo lamte laiteng ahideu a, Zomite a diingin “Ch” khu “a, o, leh u” in azui leh “Ch” khu “T” danin aging hi.

Exceptional Case: Unau Kawlgam (Burma) lang a i sanggamte’n “C” azah pen uh Zolai maimai a diing ichi leh exceptional case in zang mai uhen len, hilezong hamdang apat lahsawn (loan words) leh international level a kizang “C” leh “Ch” gin dan zong theisiem lei Zogam I kaan/nuasie chieng un ibuoina uh a tawm deu diing hi.

Zolai a “O, Ou leh Aw” Vai a Buoina: Zolai giel khatin ithei zing diinguh ahileh “O” khu vowel ahia, “Ou” leh “Aw” khu diphthong ahi uhi. Hanglang (Burma) ate'n "O" leh "Aw" maimai azang ua, vowel “O” leh diphthong “Ou” gindan a kibangsah uhi. Sahlang ate'n "O" "Ou" leh "Aw" atuom chiet in azang uhi. Vowel (monothong) ichi chieng in laimal khat maimai amatang a ding thei china ahia, “a e i o u” chite china ahimai hi. Diphthong ichi khu vowel ni kigawm a aw-gin khat bawlkhie china ahia, “aw” leh “ou” zong diphthong ahi uhi. Khatteng in “aw” khu vowel isa ua, adih sih hi. English a Semi vowel khu “w” leh “y” ahia, w=u leh y=i dan a kizang ahizieh in “aw” zong “au” “u” kimkhat dana kizang ahizieh in vowel hilou in diphthong ahizaw hi.

"O" zahnate:

Bot=uproot, got=endow, Hot=Stir, Khopi=city, kop=pair/together, lom=bundle, tom=short, vot=cold, etc.

"Ou" zahnate:

Dou=attack, gou=slaughter, Hou=plough, kou=we, lou=field, mou=sister-in-law, nou=you, pou=grow, sou=boiling, tou=sit, etc.

"Aw" zahnate:

Bawng=Cow, Dawng=Answer, Gawng=Skinny/Thin, Kawm=borrow/lend, Lawm=Friend, Maw=Foolish, Mawl=savage/uncivilize, etc.

Awgin (Syllable): Awgin ichi chieng in thuteng khat ahiei, khatsang a tamzaw kizopmat a thumal khat asiemna ua awgin kipawlte china ahi hi. Zokam ah awgin khu khat apat thum tan kigelmat leh a simnuom a, lekhietna ah awgin li apat a tunglamte khu kihalsah dan – khietna dang tawh kituoh diing in sui thei lei ahoi diing hi.

Awgin khat (momosyllable): Zolai ah tahsa tung a bamengte leh innvan-louvan, mun-le-muol, sa-le-nga minte khu awgin khat ahi taangpi a, gelmat diing ahi hi. Tualeh, awgin khat a ging adang zong tampi aum veve hi. Tuate en vai:

Ba        bang    bah      bai       bal       ban      bat

Be        beng    beh      bei       bel       bem     bet

Bi        bing     bil        bii        bit

Bo       bong    boh      bil        bol       bot       bom     bon      bot       bou

Bu       bung    buh      bui       bul       bum     bun      but

Baw     bawng bawl    bawt    bawm  bawn

Tambang in A Aw B Ch … chidan in bawl suhsuh lechin kichieng diing hi.

Awgin ni (disyllable): Zolai ah be min, kho min leh sa leh nga min tamzaw khu awgin ni ahia, gelmat diing ahi hi. Zou khanggui apat kipante’n be min leh kho min in awgin ni ana zang taangpi ua, khanglui lai a Zou be min leh kho minte khu ni ahi taangpi hi.

Example:

1.      Dopmul, Innpi, Lienzaw, Manlun, Naulah, Phiemphu, Samte, Taithul, etc.

2.      Khampat, Khuongnung, Baljang, Thangkhal, Haidawi, Tonjang, Khodai, etc.

Tualeh, awgin ni a ging zong tampi aum veve hi. Tuate en vai:

A: Aw-gin, awhlum, awlsam, awltat, awmna, awngvang, awngvang, awpkai, awsie,

B: Beelpi, bilpi, bulpi, buphai, butang, buvui

Ch: Chiengkang, chiengkhut, chillum, Chingnou, Chingpi                

D: Daidap, dangtaah, dawngtu, dingdeng, dipkuo, dohna, dongtu, dungsun, duongjen, duongvul

E: Enhuoi, enla, enton, ette   

G: Gammaang, gammang, gatang, genthei, gilou, ginglou, gingta, gingtu, gotuoi, guohtang, guotui, guuhgol

Ng: Ngaina, ngainou, ngaltang, ngoumei

H: Halia, hamsa, hangsan, hanha, hatzaw, hausa, hawhlam, heiga, haikeeh , heitah, heitang, hingthei, husam, huasan, huipi  

K: Kaikuong, kalbi, kelkot, kellei, ketot, khangsawn, khangthu, khaugui, khelna, khinleng, khinpi, khomuol, khopi, khosung, khota, khuoimu, kielpi, kipi, kosa   

L: Lapi, laibu, lengthe, luipi, luita, lukhu, lunggim, lungleeng, lungsim, lungtang, lungthu, lupna  

M: Maipuong, malta, malzin, manghil, mangthang, manlang, mei-am, meisel                 

N: Naahkuo, namsau, nangma, natang, nunnem

O: Opkhum, ole          

P: Pasian, patau, patawi, patong, phalbi, phuba, piching, pilkhel, pumpi (Canon)              

S: Saltaang, samsi, sawmsiel, sietmit, sumkuong, sumtang, sungkho, sunkim                    

T: Talpang, talteng, tangkhat, tangkou, theikhiel, theisah, theisiem, thelthang, touna

V: Vachieng, vakhu, vanleng, vantung, vanzah, vaphuol      

Z: Zaila, zakhat, zankim, zawngku, ze-awl, zilling

Awgin thum (trisyllable): Zolai ah mihing minte awgin thum ahideu taangpi hi. Tuate khu khietna nei ahizieh in akhietna dungzui a gel diing ahi hi. Syllable khat in khietna khat anei thei a, syllable ni in khietna khat a neithei a, syllable thum in zong khietna khat anei thei hi.

Min geldan ah kisaithei tahtah aum sih a, hilezong keima ngaidan in minlahna/mintapna pen thumal khat, minphuohna pen thumal khat leh be min pen thumal khat hileh min thum in a peithei diing hi. E.g. Khai Minthang Samte chilei Khaiminthang Samte ahiei Khai Min Thang Sam Te chi dendun sang in a khietna a kichienzaw thamtham hi. Tulai chieng in English min  i thangsah ua, athudan in kei min diing in Abraham hitaleh syllable khat ah thuguol khat hisahna diing in “Ab Ba Ra Ham Khai Min Thang Sam Te” chi dendun pen adih theilou guoh hilou in a kilawmlou ahita hi. Leitung khantou dungzui in min-le-puom leh ham-le-pau a suithei nawnlou diing Zou mite lah a tampi aum taah zieh in I phung min (family name) uh giel thei talei ahoi diing hi. Heitah heitah tung in, bang ham bang pau zang in, bang tawndan bang khandan zang talei zong imin tawpna beeh tawh tuzou kum 100 chieng a ang kisui theina diing in i be minte uh tua kipan in zangthei lei ahoi diing hi.

Zolai ah awgin thum khu mabel (prefix), nuabel (suffix) leh nasepdan (adverb) leh genchientu (adjective) apat mutheilou silmin (abstract noun) suohsahna in a kizang hi. Laimal khat hammal khat apat hammal dangte ang suoh theina diing in mabel leh nuabel kizang a, awgin thum ang suoh thei jel uhi.

·         Laimal tahtah: Deisah, theisiem, muda,

·         Mabel tawh: Ki+deisah=kideisah, ki+theisiem=kitheisiem, ki+muda=kimuda, etc.

·         Nuabel tawh: Deisah+na=deisahna, theisiem+na=theisiemna, muda+na=mudana, etc.

Awgin li (polysyllable): Zolai ah awgin li leh atamzaw khu mabel (prefix), nuabel (suffix) leh nasepdan (adverb) leh genchientu (adjective) apat mutheilou silmin (abstract noun) suohsahna in a kizang hi.

Example:

1.      Mabel ‘Ki’ tawh nuabel ‘na’ kigawmkhawm in laimal meel-le-puom a heng lamdang hi: Ki+deisah+na=Kideisahna, ki+theisiem+na=kitheisiemna, ki+muda+na=kimudana, etc.

N.B.

1. Mabel leh nuabel khu a laimal tawh gelmat gige diing ahi hi.

2. Mabel ah vowel ni ang kizom chieng in diphthong gin in a kiging sah thei ahiman in Ki+vowel leh semi-vowel khat phot ah gitphei khat koi lei asim nuompen hi. Example: Ki-iit, ki-uongsah, ki-en, ki-aatkha, ki-uhna, etc. 

3. Mabel ‘Ki’ khu consonant in azui leh gelmat diing ah hi.

4. Nuabel khu a laimal tahtah pen tawh gelmat zing diing ahi hi.

5. Thumal ‘ng’ a tawpte khu nuabel ‘na’ ibel chieng ‘ng’ khu hing tonmang (decline)  ‘n’ ang suoh hi. Tam pen simmun tuom ah hoitah in en nalai vai.

Awgin (Tone):

Zou ham iham chieng un asang, angiem, asau, atom leh akawi inei ua, hilezong igel chieng un kilamdanna bangma ineisah sih uhi. Tamite cheptena ineilou zieh un khatveiteng in ilaigelte sim hamsa asuoh a, laisiem leh laigelmi khenkhat in tuabangte khenkhetna diing in laimal thuoni leh laijem tuomtuomte zang in igel jel uhi.

Geldan ngaina a gel khu a noppen leh a awlsampen ahi hi. Zou laitengte uh khu English laiteng tawh ki unau Roman laitengte apat hing piengkhie ahizieh in i hampha tungtuong uhi. Aziehpen, siatawlai, computer leh printing press tuomtuomte ah bangma buoina neilou in a khawlha (keyboard) izang thei uhi.

I literature khantou dungzui in asau gin diing in double vowel (diphthong) i zangta ua, laigeldan themkhat hing khangtou zodeu leh buoihuoi zodeu (more complicate) ang bangta hi. 1990s apat in laimal ginaloute (Irrigular spellings) - q, x, w leh y khu Zolai ah um sih lezong w leh y khu semi-vowel dan a zang pawl i umta ua, consonant tawpna ginaloute (Irrigular consonant endings) - b, ch, d, f, g, j, r, v leh z thumal tawpna a zang pawl zong i umta uhi. Khantouna khat bang sim nanleh tambang a khantouna in simtheilou khop diing a geltheina ang pie a, buoihuoina (Complication) ang tun veve hi.

Ngaisutna: Zolai ah asau leh akawi chilou a dangteng pan simkhel talaw diing aum sih hi. Tuazieh in, ahithei leh, Zolai gelna ah asaute khu double vowel kizang henlen, akawite khu a vowel tung ah '^' innku (^ = circumflex) kizang leh simkhel aum diing in ka gingta sih hi. Asau a kawi nalai zong um ahizieh in tuate tung ah single circumflex kizang leh ahoi a, a simnop pen diing hi. Tuazieh in vowel zahdan ah Workshop hoitah khat sai diing in ahoi diing hi. Tami lai ka gelna ah zong asau gin leh akawi ginte khu double vowel kazang nalai hi.

Example:

A E I O U = Â Ê Î Ô Û

a e i o u = â ê î ô û

Laiteng gol A leh Â: Ai = celebration of victory; Âi = Crab

Laiteng meng a leh â: Tang = Straight; Tâng = Get. Taang = Mountain; Tâang = Substitute

Laiteng gol E leh Ê: Eng = Green; Êng = Envy

Laiteng meng e leh ê: Keng = Bring; Kêng = Leg

Laiteng gol I leh Î: Ing = Yes; Ît = Love

Laiteng meng i leh î: Ding = Stand; Dîng = For, will

Laiteng gol O leh O: Op = Incubate; Ôpkai = confusing (Tam pen 'aw' zong aum zieh in kihazah lou in, Awpkai zong kichi thei)

Laiteng meng o leh ô: Suong = Paste, trust (to be strong); Suông = Stone

Laiteng gol U leh Û: Um = Present; Ût = willing

Laiteng meng u leh û: Sun (Sut) = Pierce, stab; Sût = loose,

Semi-Vowel:

Laiteng gol Aw leh Âw: Awm = Chest; Âwng=vacant

Laiteng meng aw leh âw: Zawl = Appease; Zâwl = Oval

N.B.: 'Ng' khu i sim chieng a 'eng' chia kisim ahizieh in semi-vowel dan a ngaisut ahiman in amai a 'e' umsa a ngaisut ahia, vowel dang ang zui chieng in gitphei (dash) tawh khenkhiet diing ahi hi. (E.g. Ki-ngaisut) semi-vowel dan a agin vang in vowel tawh peikhawm lou in thumal a siem thei tuom sih hi. Khatvei teng in consonant cluster zah in zong a kizang thei kawikawi hi. 

- ( April 29, 2017 ) - 

CHRISTIAN YOUTHS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Khai Minthang Samte MBA

Fort Worth, Texas

CHIBAIBUHNA:

Kei leh ka innkuonpiten ka umna uh Fort Worth, Texas apat in Zou Presbyterian Youth Fellowship Diamond Jubilee mangte jousie Mangpa Jesu Krist min in chibai kang bawl uhi. Tu in Pasian hepina tawh ka zi Mrs. Nuamneihat leh ka tate Thanglunmang leh Niangngainou tawh Fort Worth, Texas ah ka khosa uhi. Tahsa a ka um theilou vang un ka lungsim uleh tami article tungtawn in Diamond Jubilee ah hing pang in ka ki-ngaisut uhi. Singngat District a pieng, Tuivai District a nasep kipan, Laisiengthou zillai a Imphal branch church a Assitant leader sem kha, leh Lentaang District a tu-le-tu ka innpi um ahizieh in Zou Synod huongsung tamzaw innten-khosahdan kana theikhah ban ah khanglai tampite ka lawm-le-guolte ana hi uhi. Pasian in khanglaite Ama maipha hing musah in, na tung sunni bang in hing tang in, hing umpi zing tahen.

Thupatna: Leitung khantou dungzui in siltha leh naseptha tampi kibelap zing hi. Tuami silthate ahiei naseptha pankhetute khu entrepreneur-te kichi hi. Entrepreneur-te zieh in tuolsung leh gambup neeh-le-taah suina nasatah in kilamdang thei hi. Tuazieh in entrepreneur-te khu economic driver kichi hiel a, kumpi leh investor-ten thapieh mama uhi. Eilang ah zong entrepreneur-te India kumpi in thapieh mama in coffee lei bawlte, natang lei bawlte, a bawl simsimte, limkap thei diing neite zong thapieh mama hi. Mipite buoina suhveng leh malah a mipite buoisah thei business patkhiet khu great idea kichi ngailou hi. Khanglaite business a lut nuom i-um leh bang business a lut diing chi theichet kisam masa hi. For-Profit mo, Non-Profit? Tami I theichet zaw chieng un bang product or service bawl diing chi theichet ngai hi. Tami theichetna diing in market research bawl ngai hi. Azang diingte taahsap loupi khat zua/sep pen phatuuomna um hetlou diing leh lawchina umlou diing hi.

Entrepreneur-te Patkhiet Business Pawlkhat: Tam anuoi a entreprenuer-ten a an zuate uleh a service-te uh zieh in mipite kung ah manphatna (value), meetna (profit) leh lungkimna (satisfaction) guon ahiman in bangzat bangzat mansah ta ulezong kileinuom nuom hi.

1. Microsoft: October 28, 1955 ni in Seattle attorney William H. Gates II leh azi schoolteacher Mary Gates apat in William Henry Gates III (Bill Gates) pieng hi. Software lamsang a lunglut mama in kum 13 ahi in computer programming language ana gielta hi. 1973 kum in Harvard University ah kai kipan in 1975 kum in a undergraduate degree zong joulou in a seenchil lawmpa Paul Allen tawh Microsoft pankhe diing in Harvard University a nuasieta uhi. Adangteng pen tangthu ahita hi. Tunin I entrepreneur pa uh manphatna (Net worth) khu US $85.9 Billion hita a, leitung pumpia hausapen hita hi. Hausa lel ahichieng in leitung mun tampi ah Bill and Malinda Gates Foundation tungtawn in buoina tuomtuomte suhveng na diing in sum tampi thokhie hi. Direct a missionary nasep ahilou vang in a mizawng leh migentheite a panpina zieh in Pasian nasem thupitah suoh hi.

Bill Gates in computer khu mipil tahtahte maimai higiaplou in mitaangpi in zong zangthei diing hi chi ngaidan nei tinten hi. Mitaangpi zahthei diing in a programing language hing giel a, a operating software (Microsoft Operating Software) zong laimal leh number (binary) maimai hitalou in milim (graphic) tampi hing khum hi. A Windows Operating System bawlkhiet tawh Computer zahdan heng lamdang hi. Tami OS sung ah program tampi koi hi. Laigielte a diing, kimawl utte a diing, video record-na diing, music ngaina diing, milim gelna diing, etc. chite koi zengzung hi.  Bill Gates in Microsoft Office Suite ang bawl a, MS Word, MS Excel, MS Outlook, MS Publishers, MS Access chite ang koi leh school, business leh mimal nasepna diing in nasatah in hing kidei a, type-writer, cash register leh calculator khang hing beisah in, tomnoukhat sung in sil tampi kibawltheita hi. Tami product um sih leh tukhang a diing in business leh lailam tawh kisaite bawl hamsapi suoh diing hi. Tuazieh in, bangza bangza man taleh kilei chiet in kizang chiet hi. A zahna thupidan tawh te-in aman pen tamseng lou hi. A ngaisutna (idea) tungtawn in leitung ah mihaupen hita hi. Mijousien zahnopsa in, a Operating System leh MS Office software bangza-bangza man taleh kilei a, a version tha ang pot masang in zong miten lei masa zozen uhi.

2. Ben E. Keith Company: 1906 lai in Harkrider-Morrison company kichi khat Fort Worth, Texas ah na kiphutkhie hi. Amaten louhoute leh huonbawlte apat in louma leh huon haichiga piengte a taangbuuh golpi (warehouse) uah kaikhawm in tuolsung neeh-le-taah vanzuahna sumbuuhte leh restaurant-te ah lauma pieng haigate leh theiga tuomtuomte supply bawl uhi. Tuami company ah entrepreneur khangdawng Ben E. Keith khu grocery store leh restaurant tuomtuomte ah vanzuahtu in pang hi. Store leh restaurant tuomtuomte houpi in a vanzuah uh ahiei a neehbawlna ua a vanzahte uh supply diing in contract bawl kawikawi hi. Lawching mama a, a kumkia 1907 kum in Wichita Falls, Texas ah a branch khatna hong uhi. Nasep hoitah a semtou in 1918, ama kum 36 ahi in tuami company khu a kipawlpite apat in leikhie in ama President leh General Manager in ana pangta hi. 1936 kum in a company min khu Ben E. Keith Company chi in ahengta hi. Tuni chieng in tami company in US state 14 sung ah anneeh tawh kisai supply bawl in a keengkhap nei ua, asum a tuot in USD Billion 4 sang a tamzaw kumteng in zeeh ua, nasemtu 4,000 sang in tamzaw guoijou uhi.

                Tami business system ah Producers -> Processor -> Distributor -> Retails and Restaurants -> Consumers kizopkhawm a pei ahi hi. Ben E. Keith pen athumna "Distributor" ahia, Processor-te leh Restaurant-te kikal a palai ahi hi. Tuamite kikaal a vanzua-vanleina diing in tami company in Processor-te apat wholesale a la in, Mark-up (Buoipi man) a Dollar amount ahiei a percent a seel (pound) ahiei, a bung (case) man tung ah belap in customer-te kung ah supply zel uhi. Tami operating income khu fiscal year khat in US Dollar Billion li veel mu uhi. Company ahat dungzui in company mengte kigawm leh kilei zel hi (Merger and aquisition). October 2016 in Kelly Foods kichi khat alei ua, keengkhap (geographical footprint) kibelap suoh hi.

A kipatna uh thusim pen meng mama leh sum tawmnou tawh kipan in, nasep hanchiemna leh kukalna tawh tamtan tung hi. Tami article simte a diing in zong tamna entreprenuer-pa vision latheilei Zogam ah kizangthei mama diing in gintat ahuoi hi. Lamka ah distributor kichiten cycle tawh dukan teng ah supply kawikawi ua, a Mark-up uh bangzat ahiei khat la in, meet mama uhi. Cycle maimai hilou in Auto rickshaw, Van, Pickup truck, DI leh cargo truck tawh kipan lei meet mama diing hi.

3. Chick-fil-A: Samuel Truett Cathy khu US state 40 a um store 1,800 veel restaurant minthang Chick-fil-A company pankhetu ahi. America tangthu a Great Depression kichi gamsung hamsat mamalai a innkuon zawng mama khat ah pieng hi. May 23, 1946 in a restaurant masapen “The Dwarf Grill” kichi Hapeville, Georgia ah a sanggampa tawh kithuo in pankhie uhi. Christian hoitah ahizieh un Sunday teng a biehinn kai diing zieh in a restaurant uh khah uhi. Biehinn ah Sunday school sangsye in sem hi. 1949 in a sanggampa Ben Cathy in Saturday nitah nasemjou in Horace Cathy tawh Chattanooga juon diing in vanleeng meng khat a atuonna un accident in ani un shi uhi. Cathy in a sanggam ni veuvoute khu mansuo hi. Monday zingkaal a nasepna mun ah a sanggampa Ben Cathy in Saturday ni a a restaurant summudante uh report a bawlsate amu chieng in thuohjoulou in kap hi. Hinkuo kikhinzel a, a sanggampa nuasie a zi leh tate hoitah in a enkolta hi. Tuanapat in Pasian sung ah tha hing lakia in a innkuon un semkhawm chiet ua, lawching toutou in a shi masang in billionaire ahita hi.

A company mission statement uah “Mopuohna hing kipie jousie a keemtu muonhuoi hina tawh Pasian thupisah diing, Chick-Fil-A company tawh hing kisukha jousie thuhoi-thupha tawh thuzaw diing in tami business hing ding hi” chi hiel uhi. 2011 lai in Pennsylvania Family Institute malahna a nu-le-nu; pa-le-pa kitenna (same-sex marriage) doudalna kawmpi khat co-sponsor bawl uhi. Tami zieh in LGBT (Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-Transgender) community-ten nasetah in langpan ua, August 1, 2012 ni in a restaurant umna jousie mai uah pasal-le-pasal, numei-le-numeiten “Same sex kiss day” chi in kikawi-kitawp uhi. Tuami ni mama in apanpi pawl in “Chick-Fil-A Appreciation Day” chi in ann va kineehpieh hi. Tuami ni in kei leh U Rev. Dr. Henkhothang in zong Arlington a Chick-Fil-A restaurant khat ah support etsahna in ann kava leipieh uhi. Tami entrepreneur-pa in American business maimai hilou in American gambupi ah a Pasian ginna dinpi ngam hi. Tami zieh ahi Christian entrepreneur tamsem diing a poimawna.

Entrepreneurship Khietna: Entrepreneur kichi khu French economist Jean-Baptiste Say in ana zah masah, vahkhetu (adventurer) apat a hing kipankhie leh kilamtou kammal ahi hi. Vahkhetu ichi chieng in tahsa a vahkhietna leh lungsim a vahkhietna a kawh a, siltha ahiei sepdan tha mukhietna diing ngaituona tawh vahkhietna ahi hi. Tami vahkhetu kichiten mipite buoina suhveng theina diing in lunggeel thupitahte (great ideas) nei ua, tuami idea tungtawn in buinate suhveng ahizel hi. A meet muna diing a siltha ahiei sepdantha khat patkhiet, guoltuoh leh etkai ut a, lungsim a kizawna leh chitna nei a, apieng bangbang maituo ngam diing a kipatna khu entrepreneurship kichi hi. Mit kibang chiet nanleh tam entrepreneur-ten midang bangloutah in silkhat phot ahoizaw a bawlthei diingdan ahiei, mipite buoina suhveng theina diing in sil en uhi. Tami entrepreneur-te khu huohtai (creative), siltha musiem (innovative) leh buoina la ngamte (risk-takers) ahi uhi. Sil tha ahiei silbawldan tha ang um chieng in local leh national economy ah khantouna tampi tun hi. Thamlou in entrepreneur-ten a siltha ahiei silbawldan tha a mukhiette tung uah koima tutheilou thuneina patent /copyright /intellectual property) nei in, tuami tungtawn in nasatah in hausathei uhi. Entreprenuer jousie kingahna kibangchiet a, tuami khu Entrepreneurial Perspective and Entrepreneurial Idea ahi hi.

Entrepreneur-te Sil Etdan: Entrepreneurial perspective ichi chieng in entrepreneur-te sil-etdan china ahi hi. Bangchi tuom adiei? Jewish Talmud in, “We do not see things as they are, we see them as we are” nachi hi. Tami thugen hilchetna diing in mitampiten belam/tu (sheep) tawh gente uhi. Sazuapa in belam amu chieng in belam-sa mu a, puonzuapa in belam amu chieng in samulpuon mu a, ngie in belam amu chieng in nitah-ann mu a, belamching pa/nu in belam amu chieng in chin diing in mu hi chi in gentena kigen kawikawi hi. Tami in a gennop pen sil khat phot eima etdan a kinga ahi china ahi. Tambang ma in entrepreneur-ten silkhatphot entrepreneurial perspective in en ua, bawlphat diingdan in muden uh ahiman un mipilte kichi hi. Mipil hina diing in ngaidan, peidan, mudan leh bawldan pa-ngai (Traditional knowhow) peipi lou in ahoizaw, a zahnuomzaw, a phatuomzaw, a meetzaw a bawlthei didan ngaituo thei ngai a, tuami ngaituona apat a muthei diing ahiei zahthei diing a ang um chieng in pilna nasep kichi hi. Mutheilou ngaidan gil apat a muthei-thamthei sil (Abstract concept to concrete object) suohsah china ahi hi. Tami khu great idea kichi hi. Mite deithei khat na zua leh hing kilei diing hi.

              MBA ka zillai ua “Deep Dive” kichi design process documentary a kibawl video tomkimtah khat ka sye-nu un hing etpi hi. Entrepreneurship process khat zong hithou, product design process Youtube www.youtube.com ah “Deep Dive” chi en lechin miten sil asuidan leh siltha hing kibawldan video ahia, Research Project video a documentary a kibawl ahi hi. Tami project ahileh America gam a bazaar kai chieng a vantawlna leeng (shopping cart) design hoizaw leh zahnopzaw diing a design diing a ni nga sung a zaw diing project khat ahi hi. A process zah uh methodical mama hi. Atomlam a gen in tam anuoi ate dan in kiguol hi.

1. Leitute/Zangtute Tahsap (Customers Need): Sil (product) hi in, nasep (service) hitaleh alei/azang diingte tahsapna (demand) na pieh (supply) sih leh business bawltheilou na hipaita hi. Khuzieh in mite tahsap (demand) bang achiei chi suikhiet a poimaw mama hi. Tami khu market research kichi hi. Economics ah supply and demand kisamkaidan hoitah in kizil hi. Demand umlou in supply khu mawhna ahia, supply umlou in zong demand khu mawhna ahi hi. Demand atam a supply atawm leh vanman atam a, demand a tawm a supply atam leh vanman atawm hi. Khuzieh in na van/nasep zua diing khu a lei/zang tuten a kisap mama khat uh ahi diing poimo masapen hi.

Bill Gates in Microsoft Windows Operating System ang patkhiet leh miten a vanzua ah meetna lienpi mu uh ahiman in kilei chiet pai hi. Tuami OS sung a zah diing Microsoft Office ang bawlkia leh type writer, calculator, laitui, laidal leh siltampi khang hing lumlet hiel hi. A product hoi sengseng miten bangzat bangzat man taleh kileichiet hi. Tami khu Great Idea kichi pai hi.

2. Ahipentah (Precision): Lutangna damna diing in koiman gilnat damdawi lei lou hi. Van/nasep leituten a deipentah un na piehthei leh hamtam seng ngailou in lei nuom pai diing uhi. Adeipen uh hi meellou, lah deisim veve chite pen kikhong bai senglou hi. Marketing research-te suidan in vanleite lungput stage nga in hawm uhi. Tuate ahileh – pre-purchase behavior, alternatives, shopping, buying, post-purchase behavior. 

Akhatna ahileh van tahsap zieh a umdan china ahi. Sil I tahsap cheing in umdan leh nasepdan nuom hetlou hi. Tami stage ah mite lungbuoi, gilkiel, gim leh tasam in um uhi. Tami article ka gelna Microsoft Pro ka leilai in tamite zong factorize ka bawl hi. Ka lei masang in ka laptop dang pen 2012 lai a kalei pen a upasimta a, a hat/manlang seng nawn sih a, a gih a, munteng a zangkhaitah a dopkawikawi theilou ahiban ah awlsamtah a kisuhkhin-kitoukhin theina (mobility) ang pesih hi. Tualeh ka zi in a NCLEX-RN exam a prepare na diing in computer khat pen azah chieng in kei a tasam ka hita hi. Khuzieh in pre-purchase behavior khu mauna ngen ahi hi. Houlim in laptop khat lei diing chi ahita. Second stage a ka ngaisut uh ahileh alternatives ahita hi. Bang laptop-te lei diing, bangza mante, atha mo, alui, etc. chite ka houlim khawm uhi. Thanksgiving sales ahilaitah ahizieh in Microsoft Pro khu discount tampi kipie hi. Ka MBA sim kipat lai a kana dei mama, amantam seng zieh a laptop mantawm deute a kana lungkim maimai ahi. A zahna diing leh a awlsamdan et in a dangte sang in ka deizaw pai uhi. Laptop dangte tawh tekaah in hoi mama ahizieh in lei diing in khensatna ka neita uhi. Shopping leh purchasing stage khu kilamdang seng lou hi. Microsoft Pro khu online a lei di mo, ahilouleh Best Buy a lei diing chite tami stage ah kibuoipi hi. Online khu eima deibang kiteel theilou diing ahi ban ah, ni bangzat ekhat kiheeh diing ahizieh in store ah kava leita uhi. Post-purchasing behavior ahileh tami Microsoft Pro ka lei zieh in tami article zong awlsamtah in kang gielthei pai hi. Ka zi in computer khat pen azah lezong ken tami zang in ka nasep diingte ka kisepthei hi. Kitutu chite um nawnlou hi.

3. Ahuntah (Timing): Volleyball kimawlte in “timing” chi khat genden ua, tumging tumte leh laasaten zong “beat” or “timing” genden uhi. A gennuompen uh ahileh laa leh music timing a kituoh sih leh laa ngai mama pen zong ngaitheilou suoh hi. Na lutangnat laitah in lunat damna diing damdawi na kisam hi. Lunat damdawi pen chimthoina a kine hilou hi. Business vai ah zong van/nasep a kisap laitah khat um hi. A kisap nawnlou chieng in alei diingten dei nawnlou uhi.

Business Plan: Na great idea kichi khu kichientah a plan bawljounua a sepkhiet thei idea ahi hi. Tuami na nei zaw chieng in bangchi sepkhiet diing, bangchi manage diing, bangchi zua/meetbawl diing chi ahita hi. Business plan gel kichi khu thusui-thukan (research) leh thu gomkhawm a ngaituo (analysis) vive ahi mai hi.Business Plan ichi khu business idea lim-le-guong geelna ahia, a lawchinna diing a lampi lim (roadmap) poimawtah ahia, mutheilou (abstract) idea hoitah hilezong a sepkhiet diingdan guoltuohthei (concrete plan) ahisih leh bangmalou ahi hi.  Business Plan taangpi in tam anuoi ateng huom hi:

1. Company Description: Tami sung ah company vision leh mission statement kichientah a gen kisam diing a, tami company in mite taahsap bangchi suhveng diing, bang industry hi diing – for profit mo non-profit diing, for profit ahileh manufacturing, retail ahilou leh service industry hi diing chite gelkhiet kisam hi.  Tuaban ah logistic and operation bangchi bawl diing, organizational structure leh management team vai ah bangchi sep diing leh koiteng heimun a pang diing chite kichientah in geel angai a, business legal tawh kisai zong suhtup a poimo hi. Legal Environment ichi chieng in Kumpite apat a phalna, insurance leh dan-le-dun tawh kisaite a beven diing china ahi hi.

2. Product/Service Description: Na vanzua ahiei nasep-silbawl kichientah a hilchien poimo hi. Na vanzua/nasep tawh kisai mite theinop jousie genchien ngai hi. Vanzua khat in vanleitu kung a avan azua tawh kibang sim pien ahi. A kibawlna, a zahdan, a manphatna, aneite/aleite value a gotdan chite kimtah a gelkhiet kisam hi. E.g. phone asiet chieng in kizang thei nawnlou hi. Repairman in hoisah kia in kizangthei sah kia hi. Tami ahi product/service description ichi.

3. Market Analysis: Van/nasep leitu diingte koi ahi thei angai hi. Van/nasep a midangte sang a hoizaw (competitive advantage) inei sih leh kipatlou ahoi pen hi. Strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threat analysis (SWOT Analysis) hoitah a bawl angai hi. Strength sang a weakness a tamzawt a, opportunity sang a threat a tamzawt leh I great idea khu great seng khollou hi diing hi. I thahatna (strength) sui a tuami tawh company dangte dem diing ahi. Van kimantah a piehtheina (Price leadership), mantawmnou a silbawltheina (manufacturing advantage), man tawmnou a puohtung theina (logistic advantage), etc. chite I thahatna ahileh tuami hoitah a theikhiet poimo mama hi. Tuaban ah, koitobang mite I customer diing chi zong thei ngai hi. Naupangte, khanglaite, nupi-papite, piteeh-puteehte target market diing koite? Ahilou leh income group ah na van/nasep zua diing pen sumtawm mute a diing mo, a hausa deute a diing? Pasal mo numeite a diing chite hoitah a sui angai hi. Van/Service bangchi zua diing, bangchi advertise diing chite geelsiem diing kisam hi. Advertise bawlna diing in radio, TV, website, social media, print media, etc. chite bawl kisam diing hi.

4. Feasibility Analysis: Tami feasibility analysis kichi khu a hitheina diing etkhietna ahi hi. Tami stage ah nam li um hi. Tuate ahileh financial feasibility, technical feasibility, market feasibility leh team feasibility ahi hi. Transportation and logistics business a diing business idea hoitah nei in, a plan hoitah in giel in asum um sih leh bangmalou suoh diing hi. Asum um in a gari leh computer nei tavanuh sih lei technical feasibility neilou kisuoh hi. Sum, gari leh computer tampi nei talei zong a lei diing um sih leh business lawching joulou diing hi. Tuamabang in sum um, gari, computer leh vanzah tuomtuom um, a leitu diing zong um, hilezong a gari hawl diing neisih talei business lawching joulou suoh veve diing hi. Tami tengteng hoitah a geelkhol a, guoltuoh kisam hi.

5. Financial Projection: Sum umlou in bangma kibawl theilou hi. Khuzieh in business kipatna diing in start-up cost kisam masa pen diing hi. Start-up cost bangza kisam diing, employee-te halaw bangza bei diing, office leh advertise bawlna a bangza bei diing chite khuot masah ngai hi. Hateng a bangza hing lut jou diing, bangza kiseng diing, a meet diing bangza – hakhat ah, quarter khat ah, half-yearly ah, annual ah chite khuot ngai hi. Van/Service bangtan I zua/sep chieng a a sumpi tung (break-even) diing a, volume bangzat apat meetjou diing chite khuot thei ngai ahi. Tami ban ah cash flow, balance sheet leh income statement projection kum nga tan bang khuot thei angai hi.

Tamteng bawljou nua a hithei diingdan lampi aum leh lawchinna mukhol thei phiel ahita hi. Investor-ten (Bank loan, stock holders, investors, etc.) tami Business Plan en in sum ang kawmsah ngam diing uleh ang kawmsah ngamlou diing uh khensatna la uhi. Self-funding or mom-and-pop funding ahiphiel lezong Business Plan hoitah in giel lechin tuamin na target na tuntheina diing in hing pui (guide) diing a, a kisam leh avaalte hing theisah diing hi.

Tuolsung Entreperneurship Dinmun: Zogam ah business thu igen chieng in misol chavai dan in kingaituo a, businessman khat pen kimusit mama hi. Bangzieh? Qualified or professional businessman a umlou zieh leh drug cartel-te leh underground black money bawlte khu i business person nei sunsunte ahizieh ahi mai diing in ka gingta hi. Business leh economy a tuomtuom hi diing in ki ngaisut va-ia nalai hi. Tuazieh in Zogam sung ah business leh company kichien um nailou ahizieh in qualified loudeu mai a sem a, ama meetna diing maimai ngaisut a, misol chavai ngentang kihi nalai hi. Profession or business teng a misol chavai teng ahileh qualified lou teng ahi hi. Dahuoi mama hi!

Tulaitah Zou Presbyterian Church Synod local economy et in tamsang a kieh ngiem zawh na diing a um sih a, khangtoulam vive kimanaw abang hi. Local product or service kichien nei atam sih hi. A nei sunsunten lah zuatham ching van leh siemna kineilou zel hi. Louhouten lah zua diing chithada kumkhat kham diing kihou joulou, education leh skill neiten zong zuathamching siemna kineilou hi. I lou bawldante uh etphat huoi a, farm system bawl a shifting cultivation tawpsan diingdan ngaisut huoi mama hi. Tualeh, igam a pieng haichi bangte ahiei chite sui ahunta hi. Pieng in pieng sihleh bu ma chi tentun tawpsan ahunta hi. I farming system leh technology ut etphat ahuoi hi. ZPCS huongsung economy khu singtaang leh khopi (rural leh urban economy) in kikhen thei hi. Tamgel puophat diing dan i ngaituo sih uleh eima gam-le-lei a economic saltang diingte ihi uhi. 1996-1998 Gaal jou in Lamka leh khopi ah kipeemlut hi. Azieh tampite lah ah bitna, neehsuina leh siemsinna (security, economy leh education) hipeen diing in ka suikhie hi.Tami khopi-peemna (urbanization) in siltampi kilamdangsah hi. Mission school enrollment ah understrength tungsah in mission school phabep kikhah hi. Lamka khopi a Zou Presbyterian Church li - Central Church, Zomi Colony P. Church, Lailamveng/Beulahlane P. Church leh Tuibuong P. Church apat in ka research period 2015 tan ah ZPC biehinn 11 kibelap a, innsuon 84 apat in 792 pha hi. Sumlampang ah Rs.23,83.300.25 apat in Rs.1,23,90,077.00 tan kitung a, 419.87% khangtou china himawh hi.

Tam atung a data kipeten bang ngaidan ang pie ei? Singtaang population nasatah in kiem a, khopi population nasatah in kibelap hi. Singtaang lah ah farming bawlna diing in leitang hunkhop awng china ahi hi. Singtaang gamte a leitang mangpa leh leitang kawmtu (landlord leh tanent/peasent) sang in step khat i khantou vang un farrming piching tahtah patna diing in siltampi buoihuoi nalai hi. Tuipang a teengten tuilou, ngakul, kanglei leh ganvulna lamsang, muoltung deu a teengten bu, vaimiim, bekan, sing, coffee, singpite, singga farming leh ganvul lientah a kipathun ahita hi.

Khopi a teengte a diing in singpi hotel, ann-le-me zuana (grocery store), bakery & pastry, ann hotel (restaurants), dawr nam tuomtuom (departmental stores), samheuna leh meelpuona (saloon & beauty parlour), puonkhuina (tailoring), gari workshop, appliances kisete bawlna, nopni-dani a vanpoimo kawmna (event planning), photographic & videography service, innjang a laihilna - Math, Science, Computer, typing, music, arts, etc. (tutoring & coaching), consulting & agency services - legal, medical, business, employment, travel, etc. printing and publication services, tui supply, wholesale apat dawr tuomtuom a supply chite tampi bawlthei um hi.

Lamka khopi leh akiim-apaam a dawr umte buoina kibang khat nei uhi.  Tuami buoina khu verity store a vante wholesale apat a verity store a supply-tu diing ahi hi. Dawr bawlte niteng phiel in Marwari mahajonte kung ah wholesale rate in vala den uhi. Bahara leh nitah asum a abei ban uah lungsim leh tha gimna (Financial cost leh opportunity cost) tampi sumang uhi. A nitha, a bahara leh a a dawr atun chieng ua a nitha uh ang belap chieng un vanman tamlou theilou hi. Tam pen cost of goods sold (COGS) kichi hi. Supplier kichientah khat in dawr tampite tawh contract bawl a van khat a seel (kilogram), a case ahiei a bag ahiei in buoipiman (markup) la leh dawr tampiten kizoppi nuom diing uhi. Tuami supplier company in facebook tungtawn ahiei online a order theina leh vanman online a piehtheina lampi um nalai leh dawr neite contract bawl diing thanuom mama diing uhi. A supply-na diing in cycle, auto rickshaw, jeep, DI, truck leh adangdang zatthei diing um hi. A kipatna meng noukhat hinanleh kum 10 sung in company lientah kisuothei diing a, kudam (warehouse) hoitahkhat nei a, Guwahati apat a Cargo truck leh mailam hun a Manipur a train ang lut chieng in producer-te apat vanlahna lemtang mamata diing hi. Tami ang let tawh kituoh a mailam hun a warehouse khu khopi tuomtuom a koithei nalai diing hi. Local entrepreneur kisam hi.

Laisiemten zong leitung pumpi simthei diing eima field a laibu gel thei ngai ahi. Leitung pumpi simthei diing laibu gielkha vanglahte a damsung un ameet (royalty) ne in khawng nawnlou uhi. Laibu minthang tah gielkhate hausa vahiau uhi. A thu diing a um nahleh Publishing company-ten sutsah, advertise sah leh zuasah ua, a khohna tung uah "Royalty" kichi laibu gelpa (copyright neipa) kung ah pie uhi. President Barack Obama in a laibu gelkhiet tungtawn in sum tampi royalty in mu a, a President halaw sang in a laibu royalty ah sum tammuzaw hi. Aung San Suh Kyi in zong "The Lady" chi laibu agelna apat in royalty ne in tutan nasemlou in hausa mama lel hi. Mite a diing a manphatna (value) na piehthei a, mite theinop, mi munop, mi zahnop, etc. guontu ihi leh entrepreneur khat ihi china ahi hi. 

Hattuom leh Khotaang Khantanhoi:  Fundamentalist kichi pawl, Evangelical Christian lah kuulmut phadieh a ki-ngaisun pawlten tahsa leh hagau ui-le-kel bang in ngaisun uhi. Tuazieh in amauten “Social Gospel” dem ua, Christian kichiten hagau lam maimai buoipi diing in koi uhi. Christian tamzawten tami ngaidan pen uong saseng uhi. Presbyterian church in social gospel khu kithupi sim mama hi. Tahsa khangtou lou in hagau khantouna hamsa kisa hi. Khuzieh in “Social Front” kichi khotaang khantouna diing committee khat kibawl vawt hi. Social gospel a poimo mama khat khu neehsuina (economy) ahia, neehsuina hoisem umtheina diing in entrepreneur-te poimo mama jel hi. Tami social front leh education board malahna in educational evangelism and entrepreneurship patkhiet a sangnaupang ang khanglien a, mailam hun a hattuom leh nampi makai diingte chitu (invest) diing poimaw mama hi. Makaina khu laisiem leh ginna a pichingte tung a ang tun chieng in hattuom, khotaang leh nampi in meetlaw hi. Roman Catholic-ten education leh medical evangelism nasatah in bawl ua, lawching mama uhi. Sumsuina maimai hilou in a ginna chi uh naupangte tung ah tu uhi. ZPCS in zong Lamka khopi sung ah educational ministry hoitah a puophat kisam petma hi. Aziehpen singtaang mission school-te apat a innkuon hamsa, school ginatah a kaijoulou Presbyterian school naupang tampi um hi. Atung a igen innsuon 792 (2017 in tamzaw tham ta diing) sung ah Presbyterian school naupang bangza aum diei?

Local hattuom leh neehsuina (economy) khenkhiet theilou ahi hi. Economy khantouna diing in entrepreneurship leh business Pasian theikawm a bawl kisam hi. Business ichi chieng in economy china ahia, economy khangtou lou in sawm-a-khat hi in chitpiehna tuomtuomte umlou diing a hattuom zawng kihi mai diing hi. Tuazieh in, hattuom leh business/economy kisamkaina etphat a, nasep petu leh semtute, vanzuatu leh vanleitute hikhawm thei ahi hi. Hattuom leh khotaang siemphatna diing in siemsinna leh sumsuina puophat ngai teitei hi. Social scientist-te suidan in khotaang buoinate leh hiemgamna khu zawnna tawh kisai mama chi uhi. Zawnna ichi chieng un tahsa, pilna leh lungsim zawnna um a, tuate kizop toutou uhi. Tahsa zawnna in pilna suina ah nongkaisah pha mama hi. Tahsa a lah mi phajoulou, pilna a lah mipha joulouten mite sang a mengzaw a ki-ngaisutna lungsim nei den ua, lunggim in ki-ngaise bai mama uhi. Ki-ngaisietna (depression) leh eima hinkhuo beisahna kitanau uhi. Educational qualification hoitah ing nei a, nasep hoitah ing nei a, halaw hoitah ing nei leh noptuomna tampi hing pie hi.  

Thuzawna: Christian khanglaiten entrepreneurship hoitah a ipeipi uh thupi mama diing hi. I hattuom leh nampi direction khu tulaitah a khanglaite a kinga ahi hi. Khanglai Pasian a pienthana nei, laisiem, job market a diing a suontaah mamate, entrepreneur spirit nei a entrepreneur perspective nei atam leh hattuom leh nampi dam diing a, hampha diing hi. Alelang ah, hattuom leh nampi sung a khanglaite Pienthana neilou, khamthei bawl, nu-le-pa sepsa a ki-nga second class citizen ahilam theilou a kithupisah atam leh hattuom leh nampi mangthang diing hi. Ngaikhie inlen dahkawi vawi, entrepreneur perspective a sil i-et leh business bawlthei diing tam mama hi. Atung a igensa business umthei diing tuomtuom na lunglutna penpen khat hoitah in geelkhie in Business Plan hing gelkhe mongmong vawi, na gintatna tantan na tungjou diing a, Pasian kung a thum kawm a na kipatkhiet a, ginumna, chitahna leh kingai ngiemna tah tawh na sep leh lawchin thei diing business idea tampi igieljouta hi. US ten bangzieh a leitung pumpia mission a hichi sepjou uh adiei ichi leh Pasian itt mite a hausat zieh uh ahi hi. Hattuom hausa lou in mission leh ministry Pasian deibang in kisem joulou in, taga-meithaite zong ki-enkol joulou hi. Pan Dukan khat maimai, gari khat maimai, nasep hoi khat maimai neite sawm-a-khat sumpi hattuom leh nampi in a hinpi thei leh company neitu ahilou leh entrepreneur tampi kibelap leh hattuom leh nampi azaaljou masapen hi veve diing hi.

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