Zoulai Geldan

ZOULAI GELDAN

Keima Ngaidan Kupna

(Tami thugel khu Zokuomthawn a kigiel "Socio linguistics studies of Zo language" chi Pu Philip Thanglianmaang in agel April 23, 2008 ni'a ka comment ahi hi)

Pu Philip Maang aw,

Na nasep thupi kasa mama a, kichien zong kasa mama mai hi. Adal adal, a gui agui in kim sipsep in na suidoh a, thupi kasa mama hi. Tambanga Zoukam sui tahtah atam in kathei naisih hi. Singngat taanga Khodai accent pawlin "Hâng pei in" chilou in "Hîng pei in" ma nachi veve ung e.

Na suina banah ka ngaidan themkhat vang ka kum nuom hi. Englsih ah vowel-te - {a e i o u} khu Roman leh Zoukam in transliterate diing hitalei {e i ai o iu} chi ahia, vowel dang khat English a "a" pen Zoukam in "e" chilou in Zou kammal a "a aw b ch d ....z" isim chienga apatna "a" ichidan in pei leh bangma buoina umlou diingin ka gingta hi. Zokam a vowel-te khu {a aw e i o u} ahi hi. Kei mudan in circumflex (^) khat maimai vowel tunga ikoi in i Zoukam a suohtasah mai diingin ka gingta hi.

Circumflex khu Zokam a vowel tung tenga bankoi sângin a tawpna awkai asan chiêngin a vowel tengah koi lei i buoina zousie a bei mai dîngin ka gingta hi. Atom ginte leh a ngiêm ginte ah vowel khat koi in, asang ginte ah circumflex koi in, asau ginte ah vowel ni koikhawm lei i Zoukam zahdan anuom mama dîngin ka gingta hi. Etsahna dîngin Thang = Famous, Thâng = Trap leh Thaang = Scattered chidan in Thang pen a tomgin leh a ngiem gin ahia, Thâng pen asanggin ahia, Thaang pen asaugin ahi hi. Tang = Straight, Tâng = Replacement/substitute leh Taang = Mountain range chi bangin atom gin, a sang gin, a sau gin chidan in khenthei lei ahoi diingin ka gingta hi.

ZOUKAM GRAMMAR tawh kisai in kei ngaidan in i Zouham igel chiêngin symbols leh punctuation mark kihazah da leh ahoi pen dîngin ka gingta hi. Tualeh, word khat in meaning khat chiet anei teitei dîngin ka ngaisun sih hi. Vocabulary thu ah zong English in thumal kibang tampi anei a, azahna leh ahina tawh a kigeldan a thei mai dîng pawl zong aum hi. English vocabulary ah “Box” kichi pen Noun ah “Singkuong” ahia, verb ah “Tum/Shuthop” china ahi hi. Tuamabang in, eite’n zong thumal khat in agen tampi nei aum hi chi thei lei ahoi dîng hi. A thumal geldan isiem leh theithei pai zong aum a, a thumal a ki-theiloute khu a thuguol tawh I et a thei thei dîng pawl zong aum hi. Ham khat phot in agindan (tone), alawdan (syllable), lomkawmdan (grouping) leh aginlawmdan (harmony) anei chiet hi.

Tualeh, full sentence zahdan leh phrase zahdan zong themkhat hing kum nuom ing. Simple Sentence igel chiêng in igel dih chiêt ua, hilezong Compound or Complex sentences igel chiêng un i gam mang paipai ua, atawpna tung nailou in “Full Stop” pou izang mun mama uhi. Zoulai igel chiêng un “a” “ua” “ahia” chia thuguol (Sentence) tawp umlou ahi. Tambangte ing tun chiêng un Compound or Complex sentences giel ihi chi ithei dîng uh ahia, Comma (,) ahiei Semi-colon (;) azahdan isiem uh angai hi. English a Conjunction zang ihita ua, pilvan ngai ahi hi. Conjunctions “Leh” “Hilezong” "Tualemah" chite zahsiem angai a, tamte pen "And" “But” “Whereas” "However" "Nevertheless" chite tawh kibang ahiziehin a masang a thugui pen tawh ang peikhawm teitei dîng ahi. The present sectence versus the proceeding sentence china ahi hi. I tugel masah pen leh tua igel pen tekaah ihia, thuguol khat (full sentence) khawlna (full stop or period) umlou a igelsuoh dîng ahi hi.

Tamte keima mimal ngaidan hi ee. Genkhiel ngaidam.

Pasian thupha maw,

Khai Minthang